Descripción del mecanismo de reconocimiento durante la interacción entre una especie hospedera con Phytophthora palmivora

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dc.contributor.advisorRomero Angulo, Hernan Mauriciospa
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Gaona, Mariandreaspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupFisiología y Bioquímica de Especies Perennesspa
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-28T00:14:33Z
dc.date.available2026-01-28T00:14:33Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractLa palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis) es un cultivo clave para la economía agrícola colombiana, pero enfrenta graves pérdidas debido a la Pudrición del Cogollo (PC), una enfermedad causada por el oomiceto Phytophthora palmivora. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue describir el mecanismo de reconocimiento durante la interacción entre P. palmivora y dos tipos de hospedero: uno de importancia económica (E. guineensis) y una planta modelo (Arabidopsis thaliana). Metodológicamente, se estableció un patosistema heterólogo entre A. thaliana y P. palmivora. Posteriormente, se analizó el transcriptoma de las interacciones E. guineensis – P. palmivora y A. thaliana – P. palmivora mediante redes de coexpresión génica. A partir de este análisis, se identificaron genes clave en el genotipo resistente de palma (Clon 34) asociados a mecanismos de defensa, entre ellos el gen receptor EgSOBIR1, el cual fue validado funcionalmente en A. thaliana. Finalmente, se cuantificó la expresión de los genes candidatos asociados al reconocimiento y a la defensa en folíolos provenientes de varios genotipos de palma de aceite. Los hallazgos demuestran que P. palmivora en ambos hospederos (A. thaliana y E. guineensis) coexpresa genes relacionados con la degradación de la pared celular, efectores apoplásticos (elicitinas, NLPs, hidrolasas) y citoplasmáticos (RXLRs), además de factores de transcripción asociados a la regulación del estrés oxidativo, la producción de toxinas y canales transportadores posiblemente ligados a la adquisición de nutrientes, lo cual resulta crítico para su establecimiento en ambos hospederos y en el cambio metabólico de biotrofia a necrotrofia. En respuesta, la defensa clave de E. guineensis y A. thaliana es la resistencia mediada por receptores de membrana, lo que induce una inmunidad basal asociada al ácido salicílico. La validación funcional de EgSOBIR1 en Arabidopsis Col-0 mostró una reducción significativa de las lesiones y la activación de genes de defensa como AtPR1 y AtEDS1. La presencia de un dominio quinasa activo en la proteína EgSOBIR1 y su coexpresión con otros receptores sugieren su participación central en las cascadas de señalización de defensa mediadas por receptores de membrana. Además, se evidenció que la expresión del gen EgSOBIR1 es consistente entre varios cultivares de palma evaluados, reforzando su importancia en la inmunidad basal de E. guineensis. Los resultados presentados demuestran la capacidad de EgSOBIR1 para integrarse funcionalmente en la maquinaria de defensa de A. thaliana, lo que sugiere que la estructura operativa de este nodo de señalización se ha mantenido en ambas especies a pesar de la divergencia evolutiva entre monocotiledóneas y dicotiledóneas. En consecuencia, este trabajo no solo valida a EgSOBIR1 como un blanco molecular prometedor para entender la resistencia en palma, sino que también legitima el uso de Arabidopsis como plataforma para acelerar el descubrimiento de genes de la inmunidad basal en palma de aceite. Para futuras investigaciones, se recomienda ampliar los estudios transcriptómicos a una mayor diversidad de cultivares y aislamientos para comprender mejor la variabilidad de la interacción. Asimismo, se sugiere emplear técnicas de interacción proteína-proteína para caracterizar el complejo EgSOBIR1 en planta y aplicar la edición genética en el patógeno para validar funcionalmente los genes de virulencia de P. palmivora identificados en este estudio. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractOil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a key crop for the Colombian agricultural economy, yet it faces severe losses due to Bud Rot (BR), a disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora palmivora. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the recognition mechanisms during interactions between P. palmivora and two host types: an economically important crop (E. guineensis) and a model plant (Arabidopsis thaliana). Methodologically, a heterologous pathosystem was established between A. thaliana and P. palmivora. Subsequently, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the E. guineensis–P. palmivora and A. thaliana–P. palmivora interactions was performed using gene co-expression networks. This analysis identified key defenseassociated genes in the resistant oil palm genotype (Clone 34), including the receptor gene EgSOBIR1, which was functionally validated in A. thaliana. Finally, the expression of candidate genes associated with recognition and defense was quantified in leaflets from various oil palm genotypes. Our findings show that P. palmivora co-expresses genes related to cell wall degradation, apoplastic effectors (elicitins, NLPs, hydrolases), cytoplasmic effectors (RXLRs), transcription factors linked to oxidative stress regulation, toxin production, and membrane transporters likely involved in nutrient acquisitioncritical for its establishment and the metabolic shift from biotrophy to necrotrophy. In response, the key defense mechanism in both E. guineensis and A. thaliana is membrane receptor-mediated resistance, inducing salicylic acid-associated basal immunity. Functional validation of EgSOBIR1 in Arabidopsis Col-0 showed a significant reduction in lesion size and the constitutive activation of defense genes such as AtPR1 and AtEDS1. The presence of a kinase domain in the EgSOBIR1 protein, along with its co-expression with other receptors, suggests its central participation in defense signaling cascades. Furthermore, EgSOBIR1 expression was consistent across several evaluated oil palm cultivars, reinforcing its importance in E. guineensis basal immunity. The presented results demonstrate the capacity of EgSOBIR1 to functionally integrate into the defense machinery of A. thaliana, suggesting that the operational structure of this signaling hub has remained compatible across the evolutionary divergence between monocots and dicots. Consequently, this work not only validates EgSOBIR1 as a promising molecular target for resistance engineering but also legitimizes the use of Arabidopsis as a platform to accelerate the discovery of immunity genes in oil palm. For future research, it is recommended to expand transcriptomic studies to a wider diversity of cultivars and isolates to better understand interaction variability. Additionally, employing protein-protein interaction techniques to characterize the EgSOBIR1 complex in planta, and applying gene editing in the pathogen to functionally validate the P. palmivora virulence genes identified in this study, are suggested.eng
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.degreenameDoctora en Biotecnologíaspa
dc.description.researchareaInteracciones planta-patógenospa
dc.description.sponsorshipFondo de Fomento Palmerospa
dc.format.extentxii, 134 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89337
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Doctorado en Biotecnologíaspa
dc.relation.indexedAgrosaviaspa
dc.relation.indexedAgrovocspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.agrovocPodredumbrespa
dc.subject.agrovocrotseng
dc.subject.agrovocResistencia a la enfermedadspa
dc.subject.agrovocdisease resistanceeng
dc.subject.agrovocMecanismo de defensaspa
dc.subject.agrovocdefence mechanismseng
dc.subject.agrovocArabidopsis thalianaspa
dc.subject.agrovocElaeis guineensiseng
dc.subject.agrovocPhytophthora palmivoraspa
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantaciónspa
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalPalma de aceitespa
dc.subject.proposalPudrición del Cogollo (PC)spa
dc.subject.proposalArabidopsisspa
dc.subject.proposalEgSOBIR1spa
dc.subject.proposalInmunidad basalspa
dc.subject.proposalOil palmeng
dc.subject.proposalBud Roteng
dc.subject.proposalArabidopsiseng
dc.subject.proposalEgSOBIR1eng
dc.subject.proposalReceptor-mediated immunityeng
dc.titleDescripción del mecanismo de reconocimiento durante la interacción entre una especie hospedera con Phytophthora palmivoraspa
dc.title.translatedDescription of the recognition mechanism during the interaction between a host species and Phytophthora palmivoraeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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