Magmatism as a tracer of the cenozoic crustal evolution of the Northern Andes

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dc.contributor.advisorCardona Molina, Agustín
dc.contributor.advisorZapata Henao, Sebastián
dc.contributor.authorJaramillo Ríos, Juan Sebastián
dc.contributor.cvlachttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001553908spa
dc.contributor.googlescholarhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=uMbRBRoAAAAJ&hl=esspa
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-9259spa
dc.contributor.researchgatehttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juan-Jaramillo-Riosspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Estudios en Geología y Geofísica Egeospa
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-08T18:40:32Z
dc.date.available2024-07-08T18:40:32Z
dc.date.issued2024-10-31
dc.descriptionIlustracionesspa
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, mapas a colorspa
dc.description.abstractCrustal evolution in orogenic belts, such as the Northern Andes, has broadly been associated with subduction and mantle dynamics, the collision of allochthonous blocks, and the recycling of the lower crust into the asthenospheric mantle. All of these scenarios can produce magmatic rocks, which are sensitive enough to trace changes experienced by the continental crust. In this study, field relations, petrography, zircon U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS and CA-ID-TIMS) geochronology, geochemistry, and isotopes (Hf), as well as whole-rock geochemistry and isotopes (Nd-Sr-Pb) modeling, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data, were used to understand the magmatic evolution of the Paleocene-Eocene continental magmatic arc and the Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanic rocks recorded in the central segment of the modern Colombian magmatic arc. Therefore, these magmatic rocks were used as a tracer of the long-term modification of the continental crust in convergent margins. The Paleocene-Eocene (66 - 50 Ma) continental magmatic arc was formed after the collision of the Caribbean Plate with the Northern Andean continental margin at ~72 Ma. These rocks were highly exhumed and underwent high weathering and erosion rates, which resulted in the volcanic sources of this magmatism being transported to the sedimentary basins. In order to avoid sampling bias produced by the limited exposure of the plutonic facies of this magmatism, detrital zircons collected in sedimentary rocks were very important to understand the behavior of this magmatic arc. Siliciclastic rocks from the Bogotá Formation were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS and CA-ID-TIMS geochronology and zircon chemistry. The results show that this magmatism started at ~ 66 Ma, which is ~ 4 Myr earlier than previously proposed by other authors and ended at ~50 Ma. This magmatism was formed in a heterogeneously thick continental crust, strongly controlled by strike-slip tectonics. Finally, this study proposes lithospheric dripping into the mantle to explain the bi-modal continental crust thick between 62 and 55 Ma. After forming this arc, the continental margin was characterized by an oblique regime, which shut down the magmatic production between 50 and 35 Ma. The magmatic rocks restarted in the Western Cordillera as the Timbiquí arc and migrated toward the east up to where the modern magmatic arc is located. During the Pliocene-Pleistocene, the central segment of the modern Colombian magmatic arc is characterized by the production of contrasting magmatic rocks, including high-silica rhyolites, adakite-like andesites, and OIB-like alkaline basalts. The high-silica rhyolitic ignimbrites were formed during a high magmatic flux (magmatic flare-up) in this arc segment at 2.6 Ma. This study proposes that the high magma flux produces a significant volume of basaltic cumulates, which were ponded in the base of the crust, facilitating the formation of garnet-bearing pyroxenites known as arclogites. This magmatic flare-up could be related to an increased sediment input into the subducted slab, as suggested by the isotopic modeling. It is known that the arclogites in this arc segment are denser than the underlying mantle. It is proposed that Pleistocene olivine basalts and andesites associated with monogenetic volcanism found in this arc section are related to dripping rather than complete delamination of the lower crust into the asthenospheric mantle, originating from two distinct arclogites: one garnet-bearing and the other amphibole-garnet-bearing pyroxenite. The chapters developed in this thesis demonstrate how the continental margin of the Northernmost Andes has been dynamic throughout the Cenozoic era. Unlike the Central Andes, where orogeny is predominantly driven by subduction-dynamics shortening, the Colombian orogen is influenced by block collisions, strike-slip tectonics, and magmatic underplating. The magmatic underplating in this Andean section may have been the critical factor controlling the crustal thickness and subsequent removal of the lower, denser, and unstable portion of the lithosphere.eng
dc.description.abstractLa evolución de cinturones orogénicos como los Andes del Norte ha sido ampliamente asociado con la dinámica de la subducción y el mano, la colisión de bloques alóctonos y el reciclamiento de la corteza inferior dentro del manto astenosférico. Todos estos escenarios producen rocas magmáticas, las cuales son lo suficientemente sensibles para trazar los cambios experimentados por la corteza continental. En este estudio, relaciones de campo, petrografía, geocronología (LA-ICP-MS y CA-ID-TIMS), química e isotopía (Hf) en circón, así como modelamiento geoquímico e isotópico (Nd-Sr-Pb) en roca total, y geocronología Ar-Ar en masa fundamental, se usaron para entender la evolución magmática del arco Paleoceno-Eoceno y rocas volcánicas del Plioceno-Pleistoceno del orógeno Nor-Andino. Estas rocas, por lo tanto, fueron usadas como trazadoras de las modificaciones de la corteza continental en márgenes continentales. Posterior a la colusión de la Placa Caribe con la margen Nor-Andina a ~72 Ma, se formó un arco postcolisional del Paleoceno-Eoceno (66 – 50 Ma). Estas rocas junto con su basamento fueron rápidamente exhumadas y registran altas tasas de meteorización y erosión. Con el fin de evitar el sesgo de muestreo producido por la exposición limitada de las fases magmáticas proximales, circones detríticos fueron colectados en las rocas siliciclásticas de la Formación Bogotá. Estos circones fueron químicamente analizados y datados mediante geocronología LA-ICP-MS y CA-ID-TIMS. Los resultados muestras que este arco magmático comenzó a ~ 66 Ma, lo cual es ~ 4 Ma más temprano de lo que previamente se había propuesto por otros autores y termina a ~50 Ma. Este magmatismo se formó en una margen de espesor heterogéneo, fuertemente controlada por la tectónica de rumbo. Finalmente, este estudio propone que la litosfera fue removida “dripping” para explicar la bi-modalidad del espesor cortical entre 62 y 55 Ma. El segmento central del arco magmático reciente en Colombia durante el Plioceno-Pleistoceno fue caracterizado por la producción de rocas magmáticas contrastantes, incluidas riolitas altas en sílice, andesitas con señal tipo adaquita y basaltos alcalinos con firma tipo OIB. Las ignimbritas riolíticas ricas en sílice fueron formadas en un periodo de gran flujo magmático (flare-up) que ocurrió en este segmento del arco a 2.6 Ma. En este estudio se propone que este alto flujo magmático produjo un alto volumen de cumulatos basálticos fueron retenidos en la base de la corteza, facilitando la formación de piroxenitas granatíferas conocidas como arclogitas. Este alto flujo magmático, podría estar relacionado al aumento del ingreso de sedimentos dentro de la placa subducente, como se evidencia en el modelamiento isotópico. Por estudios anteriores se conoce que las arclogitas de este segmento del arco son más densas que el manto subyacente. En este estudio se propone que el vulcanismo monogenético con basaltos alcalinos del Pleistoceno en esta sección del arco, fueron formados por pequeños fragmentos delaminados “dripping” en vez de delaminación completa de la corteza inferior entre el manto astenosférico. Dos tipos de arclogitas se fundieron para generar este tipo de magmatismo, una piroxenita con granate y una piroxenita con granate y anfíbol. Los capítulos desarrollados en esta tesis muestran cómo la margen continental de la parte más norte de los Andes ha sido dinámica a través del Cenozoico. El orógeno colombiano, a diferencia de los Andes Centrales, donde el acortamiento tectónico controla el orógeno, está controlado principalmente por la acreción de bloques, tectónica de rumbo y el apilamiento magmático. El apilamiento magmático en esta sección del arco Andino fue quizás el factor más crítico en el control del espesor cortical y posterior remoción de su parte inferior más densa e inestable.spa
dc.description.curricularareaÁrea Curricular de Materiales y Nanotecnologíaspa
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Ingenieríaspa
dc.description.researchareaGeologíaspa
dc.format.extent156 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86412
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Minasspa
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Minas - Doctorado en Ingeniería - Ciencia y Tecnología de Materialesspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc550 - Ciencias de la tierra::551 - Geología, hidrología, meteorologíaspa
dc.subject.lembMagnetismo
dc.subject.lembIsotopos
dc.subject.lembCronología geológica
dc.subject.lembGeoquímica
dc.subject.proposalMagmatismeng
dc.subject.proposalU-Pb and Ar-Ar Geochronologyeng
dc.subject.proposalGeochemistryeng
dc.subject.proposalIsotopeseng
dc.subject.proposalDripping,eng
dc.subject.proposalNorthern Andeseng
dc.subject.proposalMagmatismospa
dc.subject.proposalGeocronología U-Pb y Ar-Arspa
dc.subject.proposalGeoquímicaspa
dc.subject.proposalIsotoposspa
dc.titleMagmatism as a tracer of the cenozoic crustal evolution of the Northern Andeseng
dc.title.translatedMagmatismo como un trazador de la evolución cortical cenozoica de los Andes del Nortespa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06spa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
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dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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