Evaluación de la comunidad microbiana en un sistema de biofiltración simultánea de H2S y NH3 basado en lechos orgánicos

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dc.contributor.advisorde Brito Brandão, Pedro Filipe
dc.contributor.advisorCabeza, Iván O.
dc.contributor.authorVela Aparicio, Diana Gisset
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Estudios para la Remediación y Mitigación de Impactos Negativos al Ambiente Germinaspa
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-30T20:29:12Z
dc.date.available2023-05-30T20:29:12Z
dc.date.issued2022-10
dc.descriptionilustraciones, fotografías, graficasspa
dc.description.abstractLa biofiltración es una biotecnología de alta eficiencia y bajo costo para la remoción de H2S y NH3 emitidos en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR). Sin embargo, la influencia de condiciones transitorias durante la operación, frecuentes a nivel industrial, sobre la comunidad microbiana presente en el biofiltro no ha sido muy estudiada. Este trabajo evaluó los cambios de la comunidad microbiana de dos biofiltros de compost de pollinaza y bagazo de caña bajo condiciones que simulan las variaciones y rangos de concentraciones de H2S y NH3 encontradas en la PTAR El Salitre. Estos biofiltros se sometieron a cambios en la carga de los gases, mediante la disminución del tiempo de residencia (EBRT) y picos de concentración, y posteriormente, se redujo la humedad del lecho. En las condiciones donde disminuyó la eficiencia de remoción (ER), se analizaron los productos de oxidación de los gases y se determinó la composición de la comunidad microbiana, mediante secuenciación del gen ARNr 16S del metagenoma. Finalmente, se inoculó el lecho de uno de los biofiltros con un cultivo microbiano enriquecido en bacterias nitrificantes y oxidantes de azufre para evaluar su capacidad de recuperación bajo condiciones que simularon las variaciones estacionales y diarias de concentración en la PTAR. A un EBRT de 25 s, alta concentración de gases y 40% de humedad, el biofiltro alcanzó una capacidad de eliminación de 32,2±4,7 g H2S/m3h y 1,3±0,1 g NH3/m3h con una ER de 80% de H2S y 91% de NH3. La acumulación de subproductos (sulfato y amonio) provocó una alta proporción de bacterias heterótrofas halófilas en el lecho. Tras la reducción de la humedad a 20%, se redujo la eficiencia de remoción y la diversidad microbiana. Finalmente, ambos biofiltros, inoculado o no, pudieron recuperar la remoción de gases a más de 90%, bajo cambios diarios en la concentración de los gases y a alta concentración de sulfato y amonio. Este estudio demostró que la comunidad microbiana del biofiltro pudo adaptarse a cambios drásticos en la carga de gases, disminución en la humedad y acumulación de sulfato y amonio en el lecho hasta alcanzar una composición estable. Se concluye que el biofiltro desarrollado puede usarse para la eliminación de H2S y NH3 en diversas actividades industriales y bajo condiciones de operación variables mencionadas (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractBiofiltration is a high efficiency and low-cost biotechnology for the removal of H2S and NH3 emitted in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). However, the influence of transient conditions during operation, frequent at the industrial level, on the microbial community involved in gas removal has not been well studied. This work evaluated the changes in the microbial community of two compost biofilters made of chicken manure and sugarcane bagasse to remove H2S and NH3 under conditions that simulate the variations and ranges of concentrations found at the WWTP El Salitre. These biofilters were exposed to changes in gas loading by decreasing the residence time (EBRT) and concentration peaks, and subsequently, the bed moisture was reduced. The oxidation products of the gases were analyzed, and the composition of the microbial community was determined by 16S rRNA metagenome sequencing when the removal efficiency (RE) declined. Finally, the bed of one of the biofilters was inoculated with an enriched culture of nitrifying and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria to evaluate its recovery capacity under conditions that simulated seasonal and daily concentration variations at the WWTP. The biofilter achieved a removal capacity of 32.2±4.7 g H2S/m3h and 1.3±0.1 g NH3/m3h with an ER of 80% H2S and 91% NH3 at an EBRT of 25 s, high concentration of gases and 40% moisture. The accumulation of by-products (sulfate and ammonium) resulted in a high proportion of heterotrophic halophilic bacteria in the bed. After moisture reduction to 20%, removal efficiency and microbial diversity were reduced. Finally, both biofilters, inoculated or not, could recover gas removal under daily changes in gas concentrations and at high sulfate and ammonium concentrations. This study showed that the microbial community of the biofilter could adapt to drastic changes in gas loading, moisture reduction and accumulation of sulfate and ammonium in the bed until it reached a stable composition. The results suggest that the developed biofilter can be used for H2S and NH3 gas removal in several industrial facilities and under the mentioned operating conditionseng
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Biotecnologíaspa
dc.description.funderProyecto de investigación - Convocatoria de Doctorados Nacionales 727 de 2015spa
dc.description.researchareaBiotecnología Ambientalspa
dc.format.extentxxii, 202 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83919
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Doctorado en Biotecnologíaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::631 - Técnicas específicas, aparatos, equipos, materialesspa
dc.subject.proposalBiofiltraciónspa
dc.subject.proposalCompostspa
dc.subject.proposalSulfuro de hidrógenospa
dc.subject.proposalAmoniacospa
dc.subject.proposalCondiciones transitoriasspa
dc.subject.proposalComunidad microbianaspa
dc.subject.proposalPTAR El Salitrespa
dc.subject.proposalBiofiltrationeng
dc.subject.proposalHydrogen sulfideeng
dc.subject.proposalAmmoniaeng
dc.subject.proposalTransient conditionseng
dc.subject.proposalMicrobial communityeng
dc.subject.proposalWWTP El Salitreeng
dc.subject.wikidatabiofiltereng
dc.subject.wikidataBiofiltrosspa
dc.subject.wikidatacompost
dc.titleEvaluación de la comunidad microbiana en un sistema de biofiltración simultánea de H2S y NH3 basado en lechos orgánicosspa
dc.title.translatedEvaluation of the microbial community in a simultaneous H2S and NH3 biofiltration system based on organic bedseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06spa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentGrupos comunitariosspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.fundernameMincienciasspa
oaire.fundernameUniversidad Santo Tomásspa
oaire.fundernameDivisión de Investigación de Bogotá-DIB- Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa

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