Autorreparación de fisuras en concreto rígido para pavimentos mediante la adición de bacterias bioprecipitadoras de carbonato de calcio - estado del arte y diseño experimental
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Giraldo Mora, Nicolas
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Resumen A pesar de que en las últimas décadas, el gobierno colombiano a través del Ministerio de Transporte et al., (2006), IDU (2011) e INVIAS (2013), han venido desarrollando e implementando especificaciones técnicas y metodologías orientadas al mantenimiento, reparación y rehabilitación de las vías pavimentadas a nivel nacional y distrital; se advierte que estas medidas no han sido suficientes para contrarrestar las problemáticas asociadas a los pavimentos rígidos, entre las que se encuentra el agrietamiento del concreto. Para mitigar este tipo de problemáticas, a nivel internacional se ha promovido el estudio de diferentes métodos de autorreparación a través de la adición de cepas bacterianas, que favorezcan la precipitación de cristales de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3) como una posible alternativa para el relleno y sellado de fisuras en el concreto. En este trabajo se plantean dos objetivos esenciales: primero, realizar una aproximación al estado del arte sobre diferentes métodos que pueden permitir la “Autorreparación de fisuras en concreto rígido para pavimentos mediante la adición de bacterias bioprecipitadoras de carbonato de calcio”, como una posible alternativa para la reparación, mantenimiento y durabilidad de las estructuras de pavimento en concreto. En segundo lugar, se busca formular un diseño experimental que sirva como marco de referencia para realizar investigaciones sobre métodos biológicos de autorreparación de concreto en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, factibles de aplicarse en nuestro medio. Para ello, inicialmente se realizó una revisión teórica y conceptual sobre los principales aspectos que intervienen en el proceso de autorreparación de fisuras en concreto mediante la adición de bacterias bioprecipitadoras de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3). Igualmente, se realizó una recopilación bibliográfica sobre diferentes artículos científicos que evalúan la efectividad de diferentes bacterias bioprecipitadoras de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3) en la autorreparación de fisuras, mediante pruebas de resistencia a la compresión, flexión y tracción, permeabilidad y absorción de agua. Con base en las experiencias previas, se planteó una propuesta de diseño experimental que incluyó: la selección de materiales y cepas bacterianas; diseño de mezcla, preparación de muestras con y sin adición de bacterias; realización de pruebas físicas, mecánicas y microscópicas, que permitan evaluar la eficiencia del método de autorreparación estudiado y aproximación de los costos para un eventual desarrollo de la propuesta “Diseño experimental sobre métodos biológicos de autorreparación del concreto”.
Abstract. Over the last few decades, the Colombian government, through the ministry of transport et al, (2006), IDU (2011) e INVIAS (2013), have developed and implemented specific techniques and methodologies used for the repairing and upgrading of paved roads, both on national and district roads. It is noted that these measures have not been enough to counteract the problems associated with rigid pavements, including concrete cracking. To mitigate this type of problem, the study of different self-healing methods has been promoted internationally through the addition of bacterial strains, favoring the precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals (CaCO3) as a possible alternative for the filling and sealing cracks in concrete. In this study two essential objectives are propose: firstly, to make an approximation to the state of the art on different methods that will allow the "Self-healing of cracks in concrete on rigid pavement through the addition of bio-precipitating calcium carbonate bacteria", as a possible alternative for the repair, maintenance and durability of concrete pavement structures. Secondly, it is intended to formulate an experimental design that serves as a support point for research on biological methods of self-healing concrete at the National University of Colombia, feasible to be applied in our environment. For this, initially a theoretical and conceptual review was carried out on the principals aspects involved in the process of self-healing of cracks in concrete through the addition of bioprecipitating calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bacteria. Also, a bibliographical compilation was carried out on different scientific articles that evaluate the effectiveness of different bioprecipitating calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bacteria, in the self - healing of cracks, through tests of strength compression, flexure and traction, permeability and water absorption. Based on the previous experiences, a proposal of experimental design was proposed that includes the selection of materials and bacterial strains, the design of mixture, preparation of samples with and without addition of bacteria and physical, mechanical and microscopic tests that allow to evaluate the efficiency of the self-healing method studied.
Abstract. Over the last few decades, the Colombian government, through the ministry of transport et al, (2006), IDU (2011) e INVIAS (2013), have developed and implemented specific techniques and methodologies used for the repairing and upgrading of paved roads, both on national and district roads. It is noted that these measures have not been enough to counteract the problems associated with rigid pavements, including concrete cracking. To mitigate this type of problem, the study of different self-healing methods has been promoted internationally through the addition of bacterial strains, favoring the precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals (CaCO3) as a possible alternative for the filling and sealing cracks in concrete. In this study two essential objectives are propose: firstly, to make an approximation to the state of the art on different methods that will allow the "Self-healing of cracks in concrete on rigid pavement through the addition of bio-precipitating calcium carbonate bacteria", as a possible alternative for the repair, maintenance and durability of concrete pavement structures. Secondly, it is intended to formulate an experimental design that serves as a support point for research on biological methods of self-healing concrete at the National University of Colombia, feasible to be applied in our environment. For this, initially a theoretical and conceptual review was carried out on the principals aspects involved in the process of self-healing of cracks in concrete through the addition of bioprecipitating calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bacteria. Also, a bibliographical compilation was carried out on different scientific articles that evaluate the effectiveness of different bioprecipitating calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bacteria, in the self - healing of cracks, through tests of strength compression, flexure and traction, permeability and water absorption. Based on the previous experiences, a proposal of experimental design was proposed that includes the selection of materials and bacterial strains, the design of mixture, preparation of samples with and without addition of bacteria and physical, mechanical and microscopic tests that allow to evaluate the efficiency of the self-healing method studied.