Aplicación de un modelo Random Forest en la evaluación de la susceptibilidad a deslizamientos bajo escenarios de cambio climático: un estudio de caso
| dc.contributor.advisor | Colmenares Montañez, Julio Esteban | spa |
| dc.contributor.author | Durán Cáceres, Jehan Franco | spa |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup | Geotechnical Engineering Knowledge and Innovation Genki | eng |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-21T20:22:49Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-21T20:22:49Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description | ilustraciones, diagramas | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | La inestabilidad de laderas en los Andes colombianos se intensifica bajo el cambio climático, lo que exige cartografías de susceptibilidad con enfoque predictivo. En esta investigación se evaluó la susceptibilidad a deslizamientos en una zona conformada por los municipios de Quebradanegra y Útica (Cundinamarca) incorporando escenarios climáticos futuros. Se integraron 609 registros (303 deslizamientos y 306 pseudoausencias, es decir, puntos generados para representar áreas sin deslizamientos) sobre un área de 175 km^2, con predictores topográficos (elevación, pendiente y curvatura), climáticos (precipitación y temperatura, tanto históricas como proyecciones tomadas del modelo climático CNRM-CM6-1 del proyecto CMIP6, bajo el escenario SSP2–4.5 para 2050–2070) y geotécnicos (cohesión aparente y ángulo de resistencia al corte). Se entrenó un modelo Random Forest, aplicando técnicas de validación cruzada (k-fold), estimación interna del error (OOB) y validación espacial por bloques para garantizar robustez. El modelo alcanzó métricas de desempeño sobresalientes (AUC-ROC=0.98, F1=0.94, exactitud=0.95 y kappa=0.88), confirmadas mediante validación espacial (AUC=0.814 y OOB=0.96). La temperatura emergió como predictor dominante; en un análisis de sensibilidad, su exclusión redujo el desempeño del modelo (exactitud=0.80; F1=0.70; AUC=0.91). Los mapas proyectan un aumento del riesgo: las áreas clasificadas como “Alta” y “Muy alta” pasan del 41.4\% al 52.3\% del territorio (+10.9%), lo que implica una expansión hacia laderas medias y bajas. En conclusión, a escala regional, Random Forest ofrece predicciones robustas e interpretables, con variables climáticas dominando la señal espacial bajo SSP2–4.5. En síntesis, el modelo propuesto ofrece una base sólida para anticipar cambios en la distribución espacial del riesgo y respaldar decisiones estratégicas en ordenamiento territorial y reducción del riesgo. (Texto tomado de la fuente). | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Landslide activity in the Colombian Andes is expected to intensify under climate change, which calls for predictive susceptibility mapping. This study assessed landslide susceptibility in the municipalities of Quebradanegra and Útica (Cundinamarca), explicitly incorporating future climate scenarios. A dataset of 609 records (303 landslides and 306 pseudo-absences, i.e., points representing stable areas) was compiled over an area of approximately 175 km², integrating topographic predictors (elevation, slope, curvature), climatic variables (precipitation and temperature, including historical data and projections from the CNRM-CM6-1 global climate model under the CMIP6 framework, scenario SSP2–4.5 for 2050–2070), and geotechnical parameters (apparent cohesion and friction angle). A Random Forest model was trained using stratified sampling of pseudo-absences, cross-validation (k-fold), out-of-bag error estimation (OOB), and block-based spatial validation to ensure robustness. The model achieved outstanding performance metrics (AUC-ROC=0.98, F1=0.94, accuracy=0.95, and kappa=0.88), confirmed by spatial validation (AUC=0.814 and OOB=0.96). Temperature emerged as the most influential predictor; its exclusion reduced performance significantly (accuracy=0.80; F1=0.70; AUC=0.91). Future susceptibility maps indicate an increase in high-risk areas: zones classified as “High” and “Very High” rise from 41.4% to 52.3% of the territory (+10.9%), expanding toward mid- and lower-slope domains. In conclusion, at the regional scale, Random Forest provides robust and interpretable predictions, with climatic variables dominating the spatial signal under SSP2–4.5. Overall, the proposed model offers a solid basis for anticipating spatial shifts in landslide risk and supporting strategic decisions in land-use planning and disaster risk reduction. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
| dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Ingeniería - Geotecnia | spa |
| dc.description.researcharea | Análisis de confiabilidad y riesgos asociados al entorno geotécnico | spa |
| dc.format.extent | xii, 188 páginas | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89286 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | spa |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ingeniería | spa |
| dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | spa |
| dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Geotecnia | spa |
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| dc.relation.references | Wubalem, A. (2021). Landslide Inventory, Susceptibility, Hazard and Risk Mapping. En: Zhang, Y., Cheng, Q. (eds), Landslides. IntechOpen. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100504 | |
| dc.relation.references | Yang, Y., Tang, J., Xiong, Z., Wang, S., & Yuan, J. (2019). An intercomparison of multiple statistical downscaling methods for daily precipitation and temperature over China: present climate evaluations. Climate Dynamics, 53, 4629–4649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04809-x | |
| dc.relation.references | Yavari, N., Tang, A., Pereira, J., & Hassen, G. (2016). Effect of temperature on the shear strength of soils and soil–structure interface. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 53(7), 1186–1194. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0355 | |
| dc.relation.references | Youssef, A, Pradhan, B. & Sefry, S. (2016) Flash Flood Susceptibility Assessment in Jeddah City (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) Using Bivariate & Multivariate Statistical Models. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4830-8 | |
| dc.relation.references | Zhang, J., Huang, H., Zhang, L., Zhu, H., and Shi, B. (2014). Probabilistic prediction of rainfall-induced slope failure using a mechanics-based model. Engineering Geology, 168, 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.11.005 | |
| dc.relation.references | Zhang, Q., Ma, W., Gao, Y., Zhang, T., & Ma, X. (2025). Zoning of the Disaster-Inducing Environment and Driving Factors for Landslides, Collapses, and Debris Flows on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Applied Sciences, 15, 6569. | |
| dc.relation.references | Zhao, P., Masoumi, Z., Kalantari, M., Aflaki, M., & Mansourian, A. (2022). A GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping and variable importance analysis using artificial intelligent training-based methods. Remote Sensing, 14(1), 211. | |
| dc.relation.references | Zhu, D., Kun, S., Jingchao, M., Haifeng, H. (2020). Effect of climate change induced extreme precipitation on landslide activity in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80(3–4). | |
| dc.relation.references | Zienkiewicz, O. & Taylor, R. (2000). The Finite Element Method (Vol. 1). Butterworth-Heinemann. | |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::624 - Ingeniería civil | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Random Forest | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Machine Learning | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Pseudoausencias | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Susceptibilidad a deslizamientos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Cambio climático | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Validación espacial | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Deslizamientos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Andes Colombianos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Landslide susceptibility | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Climate change | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Spatial validation | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Pseudo absences | eng |
| dc.subject.unesco | Amenaza natural | spa |
| dc.subject.unesco | Natural hazards | eng |
| dc.subject.unesco | Reducción del riesgo de desastres | spa |
| dc.subject.unesco | Disaster risk reduction | eng |
| dc.subject.unesco | Modelo matemático | spa |
| dc.subject.unesco | Mathematical models | eng |
| dc.title | Aplicación de un modelo Random Forest en la evaluación de la susceptibilidad a deslizamientos bajo escenarios de cambio climático: un estudio de caso | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Application of a Random Forest Model for Evaluating Landslide Susceptibility under Climate Change Scenarios: A Case Study | eng |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | spa |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general | spa |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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