Mezclas eficientes de mineral de hierro destinado a la corrección química del cemento a partir de pilas longitudinales tipo Chevron
| dc.contributor.advisor | Jaramillo-Álvarez, Gloria Patricia | spa |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Franco-Sepúlveda, Giovanni | spa |
| dc.contributor.author | Restrepo-Potes, Rodrigo Alberto | spa |
| dc.contributor.corporatename | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín | spa |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup | GIPLAMIN | spa |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-06-01T22:07:51Z | spa |
| dc.date.available | 2020-06-01T22:07:51Z | spa |
| dc.date.issued | 2019-11-14 | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | The chemical composition of iron ore makes that this raw material is used in the cement industry as a correction agent. In addition to iron, iron ore also includes elements such as silica, aluminum, phosphorous and calcium, among others. The efficiency of an iron ore blending is a bottleneck for blast furnace performance quality indices, hence the need to understand the behavior chemical components of this mineral to support blending planning in an operation mining, with the purpose of maintain a stable process in cement plants. Statistical and mathematical tools, such as Linear Regression and Geostatistical Simulation, are often used to analyze the variance and quality of the iron ore blending. Goal Programming, Genetic Algorithms and Multi-Objective Stochastic Programming are used commonly to minimize the standard deviation of each of the chemical components in a blending. Although these tools establish the quality of the blending, they do not relate and optimize the mining sequence, the storage system and the distribution of mineral resources to form an efficient and satisfactory blending for the decision-maker. The proper identification of the resulting chemical composition in the iron ore blending can be accomplished by applying decision analysis strategies such as Operations Research. The current thesis proposes the development of a Mixed Integer Programming Model to analyze the iron ore blending to chemical correction of cement. The analyzed material come from Chevron piles from different mining fronts and different Fe2O3 content. Mixed Integer Programming correlates parameters, restrictions of the mining blocks, work fronts, storage system and iron ore demand under a timing-planning scheme. The model also designs the sequence of extraction of mineral blocks contained in different mining fronts, structures a system that allows to punish or financially reward the resulting blending according to the content of SiO2 and Al2O3; and it establishes hypothetical scenarios that allow make the best decision, in financial terms, according to the chemical composition of the blending. The objective function of the model maximizes the income of the operation from the demand in a time horizon, according to the quality specifications requested by the client. Finally, the model was optimized in the AIMMS software and the respective results were analyzed. As a main conclusion, it is had that, in some cases, the mining sequence produced unintuitive decisions for the decision maker, but decisive for the maximization of the benefits of the mining activity, such as the mining of blocks partially in different periods; decisions that in reality and in a discretionary way, are difficult to foresee. | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | La composición química del mineral de hierro hace que esta materia prima sea empleada en la industria del cemento como agente corrector. Sus componentes están dados no solo por el hierro, sino por otros elementos como la sílice, el aluminio, el fósforo y el calcio, entre otros. La eficiencia de una mezcla de mineral de hierro es un cuello de botella para los índices de calidad en el rendimiento del alto horno, por lo que es necesario comprender el comportamiento de los componentes químicos de este mineral para apoyar la planificación de las mezclas en una operación minera, con el fin de mantener un proceso estable en las plantas cementeras. Para el análisis de mezclas de mineral de hierro se usan con regularidad herramientas estadísticas y matemáticas, como la Regresión Lineal y la Simulación Geoestadística para relacionar las variables y medir la varianza de las calidades resultantes. Con frecuencia se utiliza la Programación por Metas, los Algoritmos Genéticos y la Programación Estocástica Multiobjetivo para minimizar la desviación estándar de cada uno de los componentes químicos en una mezcla de mineral. Si bien estas herramientas establecen la calidad de las mezclas, no relacionan y optimizan la secuencia de explotación, el sistema de almacenamiento y la distribución de recursos minerales para conformar mezclas eficientes y satisfactorias para el decisor. La adecuada identificación de la composición química resultante en este tipo de mezclas, puede llevarse a cabo con herramientas para el análisis de decisiones como la Investigación de Operaciones, razón por la cual esta tesis planteó como desafío el desarrollo de un modelo basado en Programación Entera Mixta para analizar mezclas de mineral de hierro destinado a la corrección química del cemento, a partir de pilas longitudinales tipo Chevron, creadas con mineral proveniente de diferentes frentes de explotación y clasificadas según el contenido de Fe2O3. El modelo de Programación Entera Mixta relaciona parámetros, variables y restricciones de los bloques de explotación, los frentes de trabajo, el sistema de almacenamiento y la demanda de mineral; en un horizonte de planificación. El modelo también diseña la secuencia de extracción de bloques de mineral contenidos en diferentes frentes de explotación, estructura un sistema que permite castigar o premiar financieramente las mezclas resultantes según el contenido de SiO2 y Al2O3; y establece escenarios hipotéticos que permiten tomar la mejor decisión, en términos financieros, según la composición química de la mezcla. La función objetivo del modelo maximiza los ingresos de la operación a partir de la demanda en un horizonte de tiempo, de acuerdo a las especificaciones de calidad solicitadas por el cliente. Finalmente, el modelo fue optimizado en el software AIMMS y se analizaron los respectivos resultados. Como conclusión principal, se tiene que, en algunos casos, la secuencia de explotación arrojó decisiones poco intuitivas para el decisor, pero determinantes para la maximización de los beneficios de la actividad minera, como la explotación de bloques de forma parcial en periodos diferentes; decisiones que en la realidad y de forma discrecional, son difíciles de prever. | spa |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
| dc.format.extent | 109 | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77588 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín | spa |
| dc.publisher.program | Medellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Sistemas | spa |
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| dc.rights | Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | spa |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | spa |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | spa |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | spa |
| dc.rights.spa | Acceso abierto | spa |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | spa |
| dc.subject.ddc | 000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales::003 - Sistemas | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Ore blending | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Mezclas de mineral | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Pilas Chevron | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Chevron piles | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Cement correction | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Corrección del cemento | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Iron ore | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Mineral de hierro | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Blending planning | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Planificación de mezclas | spa |
| dc.title | Mezclas eficientes de mineral de hierro destinado a la corrección química del cemento a partir de pilas longitudinales tipo Chevron | spa |
| dc.title.alternative | Iron ore efficient blending for chemical correction of cement based on Chevron piles | spa |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | spa |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_dc82b40f9837b551 | spa |
| dc.type.content | Text | spa |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | spa |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/updatedVersion | spa |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | spa |
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