Plataforma para la evaluación de políticas de mitigación de gases efecto invernadero en el sector eléctrico
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Cárdenas Ardila, Laura Milena
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Debido al aumento desmesurado de gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera, los mercados eléctricos han incluido dentro de sus objetivos la reducción de emisiones en adición a entregar de manera segura, sostenible y asequible la electricidad. La obtención de estos tres objetivos trae consigo barreras y limitaciones que requiere la aplicación de políticas para sobrellevarlas. Existen políticas tanto para la oferta como para la demanda pero su aplicación depende de las condiciones de cada mercado y es necesario evaluarlas antes de su implementación. Para ello se propuso la formulación y desarrollo de una plataforma de simulación que permita la evaluación de políticas integrada en el mercado eléctrico colombiano a través del tiempo a partir de tres criterios de evaluación: desempeño ambiental, aceptabilidad política y viabilidad de aplicación. Una política combinada de microgeneración solar en el sector residencial junto con Feed-in tariff para la generación de eólica y solar mostró resultados favorables para el mercado eléctrico colombiano, ya que permitió una reducción de emisiones sin afectar el precio de electricidad ni la seguridad de suministro del sistema.
Abstract: due to the excessive increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the electric markets have included among their objectives, the reduction of emissions in addition to deliver electricity in a safe, sustainable and affordable way. The commitment to these three objectives brings along some barriers and limitations that require the application of policies to overcome them. There are policies both for demand and supply but their application depends on the conditions of each market and before their implementation, its necessary to evaluate them first. To do that, a simulation platform was formulated and developed in order to evaluate the integration of these policies in the Colombian electricity market over time, from three evaluation criteria: environmental performance, political acceptability and feasibility of implementation. A combined policy of solar microgeneration in the residential sector along with Feed-in tariff for wind and solar power generation, showed favorable results for the Colombian electricity market, as it allowed a reduction in emissions without affecting the electricity price nor the system’s security of supply.
Abstract: due to the excessive increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the electric markets have included among their objectives, the reduction of emissions in addition to deliver electricity in a safe, sustainable and affordable way. The commitment to these three objectives brings along some barriers and limitations that require the application of policies to overcome them. There are policies both for demand and supply but their application depends on the conditions of each market and before their implementation, its necessary to evaluate them first. To do that, a simulation platform was formulated and developed in order to evaluate the integration of these policies in the Colombian electricity market over time, from three evaluation criteria: environmental performance, political acceptability and feasibility of implementation. A combined policy of solar microgeneration in the residential sector along with Feed-in tariff for wind and solar power generation, showed favorable results for the Colombian electricity market, as it allowed a reduction in emissions without affecting the electricity price nor the system’s security of supply.