Propuesta metodológica para la mejora de sistemas de producción y servicios en la industria de residuos mediante el empleo de un gemelo digital. Aplicación en zonas de alta concentración poblacional
| dc.contributor.advisor | Castrillón Gómez, Omar Danilo | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Giraldo Garcia, Jaime Alberto | spa |
| dc.contributor.author | Vargas Barbosa, Jhonathan Mauricio | |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | Vargas Barbosa, Jhonathan Mauricio [0001536021] | |
| dc.contributor.orcid | Vargas Barbosa, Jhonathan Mauricio [0009000893635035] | |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup | Innovación y desarrollo Tecnológico | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-02-12T14:54:56Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-02-12T14:54:56Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | |
| dc.description | fotografías, ilustraciones, tablas | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | La presente investigación propone una metodología innovadora para mejorar sistemas de producción y servicios empleando Digital Twins (DT) para procesos de recuperación de residuos orgánicos en zonas de alta densidad poblacional. El objetivo general es desarrollar y validar una propuesta metodológica integral basada en DT para optimizar sistemas de aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos. Para lograr este objetivo, se plantearon los siguientes objetivos específicos: 1. Construir un marco teórico crítico sobre el estado actual de la Industria 4.0 y la preparación del país en metodologías de DT, identificando las necesidades locales para diseñar una estrategia metodológica específica. 2. Identificar y analizar factores cualitativos y cuantitativos clave, definir métricas de desempeño y establecer fases y etapas de la metodología aplicada a sistemas de producción y servicios. 3. Validar la metodología desarrollada mediante la implementación de un prototipo de DT en el sector de residuos orgánicos, evaluando su efectividad comparativa con métodos tradicionales de mejora de sistemas productivos. La metodología propuesta consta de varias etapas: evaluación de la pertinencia de DT, formulación del problema y objetivos, definición del proyecto, clasificación del sistema, construcción de modelos virtuales y funcionales, diseño de interconexiones, estrategias de autogestión y automatización, y análisis de resultados. Este estudio se basa en un marco teórico detallado y presenta una arquitectura de DT junto con un framework y una metodología completa de adopción. Su validación se realizó mediante un estudio de caso en una planta de compostaje ubicada en Cajamarca, Colombia que atiende a una población recurrente de más de 10.000 habitantes. Se desplegó un prototipo de DT con sensores de bajo costo conectados a una infraestructura IoT, permitiendo el análisis de temperatura, humedad y pH durante el proceso de compostaje. Los resultados demostraron un incremento del 7 % en la eficiencia del proceso, una ganancia mensual de 1.200 kg de compost, y una reducción significativa en la variabilidad operativa (p < 0,01). Además, el retorno de inversión alcanzó un 362,4% considerando los costos de desarrollo inicial y para una replicación en condiciones similares, el ROI aumenta hasta un 18.857,6%. Estos hallazgos evidencian la viabilidad técnica y económica de la propuesta, y su potencial de escalabilidad en aplicaciones de economía circular dentro del sector agrícola y de gestión de residuos. Se concluye con un caso de aplicación que demuestra las ventajas de DT en la mejora de sistemas de producción y servicios en contextos específicos, contribuyendo así al avance de la Industria 4.0 en el sector de residuos orgánicos (Texto tomado de la fuente). | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | This research proposes an innovative methodology to enhance production and service systems in the waste industry using DT in densely populated areas. The overall objective is to develop and validate a comprehensive methodological proposal based on DT technology to optimize organic waste utilization systems. To achieve this goal, the following specific objectives were defined: 1. Construct a critical theoretical framework on the current state of Industry 4.0 and the country's readiness in DT methodologies, identifying local needs to design a specific methodological strategy. 2. Identify and analyze key qualitative and quantitative factors, define performance metrics, and establish phases and stages of the methodology applied to production and service systems. 3. Validate the developed methodology by implementing a DT prototype in the organic waste sector, evaluating its comparative effectiveness with traditional methods of improving production systems. The proposed methodology consists of several stages: evaluation of the relevance of DT, problem and objective formulation, project definition, system classification, construction of virtual and functional models, interconnection design, self-management and automation strategies, and results analysis. This study is based on a detailed theoretical framework and presents a DT architecture together with a comprehensive adoption framework and methodology. Validation was carried out through a case study at a composting plant located in Cajamarca, Colombia, which serves a recurring population of over 10,000 inhabitants. A DT prototype with low-cost sensors connected to an IoT infrastructure was deployed, allowing the analysis of temperature, humidity, and pH during the composting process. The results showed a 7% increase in process efficiency, a monthly gain of 1,200 kg of compost, and a significant reduction in operational variability (p < 0.01). In addition, the return on investment reached 362.4% when considering the initial development costs, and for replication under similar conditions, the ROI increases up to 18,857.6%. These findings demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of the proposal and its scalability potential in circular economy applications within the agricultural and waste management sectors. The study concludes with an application case that illustrates the advantages of DT in improving production and service systems in specific contexts, thus contributing to the advancement of Industry 4.0 in the organic waste sector. | eng |
| dc.description.curriculararea | Industrial, Organizaciones Y Logística | |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Doctorado | |
| dc.description.degreename | Doctor en Ingeniería - Industria y Organizaciones | |
| dc.format.extent | 301 páginas | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89524 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura | |
| dc.publisher.place | Manizales, Colombia | |
| dc.publisher.program | Manizales - Ingeniería y Arquitectura - Doctorado en Ingeniería - Industria y Organizaciones | |
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| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.license | Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Gemelo digital | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Mejora de sistemas de producción y de servicios | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Industria de aprovechamiento de residuos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Digital twin | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Improvement of production and service systems | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Waste industry | eng |
| dc.subject.unesco | Tratamiento de desechos | spa |
| dc.subject.unesco | Waste treatment | eng |
| dc.title | Propuesta metodológica para la mejora de sistemas de producción y servicios en la industria de residuos mediante el empleo de un gemelo digital. Aplicación en zonas de alta concentración poblacional | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Methodological proposal for the improvement of production and service systems in the waste management industry through the implementation of a digital twin. Application in high population density areas | eng |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Doctorado | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Bibliotecarios | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestros | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general | |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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