Efecto de la ingesta de leche de vaca descremada sobre el rendimiento de ciclistas jóvenes altamente entrenados

dc.contributor.advisorGuerrero Orjuela, Ligia Stella
dc.contributor.authorCorrea Ramírez, Laura Isabella
dc.contributor.orcidCorrea Ramírez, Laura Isabella [0009-0002-1513-1508]
dc.contributor.researchgroupAlimentación y Nutrición Humana
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-02T15:18:31Z
dc.date.available2025-09-02T15:18:31Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: El ciclismo es un deporte que implica un gran esfuerzo físico y una alta demanda energética. Por lo tanto, el aporte adecuado de nutrientes es fundamental para optimizar el rendimiento. La leche de vaca es un alimento de gran interés debido a su accesibilidad, bajo costo y concentración de carbohidratos similar a las bebidas deportivas que se encuentran en el mercado, por lo que puede llegar a ser una alternativa eficiente y natural para apoyar el rendimiento y la recuperación en deportistas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la ingesta de leche de vaca descremada UHT previo a un ejercicio físico, sobre el rendimiento de ciclistas jóvenes altamente entrenados, durante pruebas de capacidad aeróbica y neuromuscular. Metodología: Ensayo doble ciego cruzado y aleatorizado en 8 ciclistas del equipo SHC Cycling Team. Se comparó la ingesta de 625 ml de leche descremada (LD) y 625 ml de leche entera (LE) durante pruebas como la ergoespirometría, la prueba de Umbral de Potencia Funcional (FTP), prueba de salto contramovimiento (CMJ), toma de glucosa y lactato en sangre, y encuesta de síntomas gastrointestinales. Los resultados se analizaron mediante pruebas de varianza ANOVA y Tukey para las pruebas FTP y CMJ, y para los bioquímicos se empleó la T de Student. Resultados: La potencia normalizada (226,8 ± 29,2 W), potencia máxima (686,1 ± 185 W) y potencia relativa (11,8 ± 3,1 W/kg) fue superior con la LD, pero no alcanzó la significancia estadística. Se encontró una diferencia (p < 0,0001) al comparar los saltos finales con los saltos iniciales, independientemente de la bebida suministrada. Los bioquímicos evidenciaron un comportamiento lineal creciente de glucosa con la ingesta de LD, con un aumento significativo en sangre a un IC del 90% a los 15 min (82,4 mg/dL; p = 0,09) y un incremento individual de lactato en cada unidad de tiempo con cada bebida (p < 0,01). Finalmente, solo un ciclista presentó náuseas, distensión abdominal y eructos con la ingesta de LE. Conclusiones: Aunque la leche de vaca descremada no mostró mejoras significativas en el rendimiento, sus efectos fisiológicos podrían ser beneficiosos en ejercicios prolongados, al contribuir al mantenimiento de los niveles de glucosa en sangre y permitir el ahorro del glucógeno muscular, lo que probablemente retarde la aparición de la fatiga y favorezca la economía de carrera. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Cycling is a sport that involves intense physical effort and high energy demands. Therefore, adequate intake of nutrients is essential to optimize performance. Cow's milk is a food of great interest due to its accessibility, low cost, and carbohydrate concentration similar to that of commercially available sports drinks. Hence, it can be an efficient and natural alternative to support performance and recovery in athletes. Objective: To determine the effect of ingesting UHT skimmed cow's milk before physical exercise on the performance of highly trained young cyclists during aerobic and neuromuscular capacity tests. Methodology: A double-blind, randomized, crossover trial was conducted in eight cyclists from the SHC Cycling Team. The intake of 625 ml of skim milk (LD) and 625 ml of whole milk (LE) was compared during tests, including ergospirometry, the Functional Threshold Power test (FTP), countermovement jump (CMJ), blood glucose and lactate measurements, and a gastrointestinal symptom rating scale. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test for the FTP and CMJ tests, and the Student´s T-test for biochemical tests. Results: Normalized power (226,8 ± 29,2 W), peak power (686,1 ± 185 W), and relative power (11,8 ± 3,1 W/kg) were higher with LD, but did not reach statistical significance. A difference (p < 0,0001) was found when comparing the final jumps with the initial jumps, regardless of the drink supplied. Biochemical analyses revealed that glucose levels increased linearly with SM ingestion over time, showing a significant rise in blood at a 90% confidence level at 15 minutes (82.4 mg/dL; p = 0.09). Additionally, lactate levels increased individually for each time unit (p < 0.01) compared to baseline values. Finally, only one cyclist experienced nausea, abdominal distension, and belching with LE ingestion. Conclusions: Although skimmed cow's milk did not show significant performance improvements, its physiological effects may be beneficial during prolonged exercise, as it helps maintain blood glucose levels and facilitates muscle glycogen storage, which likely delays the onset of fatigue and promotes a more efficient running economy.eng
dc.description.curricularareaMedicina.Sede Bogotá
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Fisioterapia del Deporte y la Actividad Física
dc.description.researchareaNutrición, Actividad Física y Deporte
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/88533
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicina
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Fisioterapia del Deporte y la Actividad Física
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dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
dc.subject.lembVacasspa
dc.subject.lembCiclismospa
dc.subject.lembDeportesspa
dc.subject.lembCowseng
dc.subject.lembCyclingeng
dc.subject.lembSportseng
dc.subject.otherRendimiento deportivospa
dc.subject.otherSports performanceeng
dc.subject.proposalCiclistaspa
dc.subject.proposalLeche de vacaspa
dc.subject.proposalGlucosaspa
dc.subject.proposalRendimiento deportivospa
dc.subject.proposalLactatospa
dc.subject.proposalCyclisteng
dc.subject.proposalCow's milkspa
dc.subject.proposalGlucoseeng
dc.subject.proposalLactateeng
dc.subject.proposalCountermovement Jumpeng
dc.titleEfecto de la ingesta de leche de vaca descremada sobre el rendimiento de ciclistas jóvenes altamente entrenadosspa
dc.title.translatedEffect of skimmed cow's milk intake on the performance of highly trained young cyclistseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

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