Vulnerabilidad del litoral Pacífico colombiano a la erosión costera : bosques de manglar como ecosistemas mitigadores
dc.contributor.advisor | Macera Pineda, José Ernesto | spa |
dc.contributor.advisor | Sánchez Núñez, David Alejandro | spa |
dc.contributor.author | Echeverry Hernández, Johanna Paola | spa |
dc.contributor.cvlac | Echeverry Hernández, Johanna Paola [0001290584] | spa |
dc.contributor.orcid | Echeverry Hernández, Johanna Paola [0000000200676102] | spa |
dc.contributor.researchgate | Echeverry Hernández, Johanna Paola [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paola-Echeverry?ev=hdr_xprf] | spa |
dc.coverage.country | Colombia | spa |
dc.coverage.region | Tumaco | spa |
dc.coverage.region | Nariño | spa |
dc.coverage.temporal | 2010-2023 | spa |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-04-21T14:37:55Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-04-21T14:37:55Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
dc.description | ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías a color, mapas | spa |
dc.description.abstract | El efecto de modificación espacial que los bosques de manglar producen en el frente costero al atenuar las olas, capturar sedimentos y formar suelo, reduce la intensidad de las amenazas marinas sobre el litoral, disminuye la exposición y la vulnerabilidad de las comunidades costeras, y estas comunidades aumentan su resiliencia después de los impactos de las amenazas. Dichos beneficios varían dependiendo de las condiciones de cada región o país, por lo que es fundamental comprender tanto los manglares locales, como los entornos ambientales en donde se encuentran. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue estimar la tendencia de cambio de posición del frente del bosque de manglar a nivel local en el Pacífico Colombiano, específicamente en el litoral de Bocagrande, municipio de Tumaco en el departamento de Nariño, constituido por un manglar deltaico con influencia de sedimentos terrígenos, protegido por una flecha costera dinámica producto de la acción de las corrientes marinas, la descarga de sedimentos del río Mira y un régimen mesomareal. Se comparó su comportamiento con un manglar de una región contrastante en el Parque Regional Manglares de Old Point en la isla oceánica de San Andrés, ubicada al noroeste del mar Caribe colombiano en el departamento de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, declarado Reserva de Biósfera Seaflower, cuyos manglares kársticos de costa abierta corresponden a formaciones arbóreas de islas coralinas e hidrológicamente dependientes de las lluvias y la influencia marina con régimen micromareal. Mediante imágenes satelitales se analizaron los cambios multitemporales (2010 a 2023) de los frentes del manglar, encontrando avances y retrocesos variables de los bosques estudiados. Las máximas tasas de avance fueron de 7.57 m año-1 (Old Point) y de 11.69 m año-1 (Bocagrande) y de retroceso de -6.6 m año-1 (Old Point) y -19.7 m año-1 (Bocagrande). Para explicar las tasas de cambio, se exploró su relación con factores potenciales de forzamiento como El Niño/Oscilación del Sur (ENSO), el oleaje y el caudal de ríos, encontrando que la migración del frente costero de manglares oscila en cortos períodos de tiempo en respuesta a fenómenos oceanográficos, meteomarinos e hidrológicos. En Old Point se obtuvo mayor relación inversa entre la tasa de migración con la variable altura significante de ola (R2=0,83; p-valor=0,0002), seguida por relación directa con la variable velocidad de ola (R2=0,47; p-valor=0,03). En Bocagrande se halló mayor relación directa con el caudal de Río Mira (R2=0,71; p-valor=0,0045), mientras que la variable oleaje fue el segundo determinante con una relación directa, con R2=0,33 y p-valor=0,06. Los cambios en los frentes del manglar tienen profundas implicaciones en los servicios ecosistémicos que estos bosques proveen a la sociedad, y a su vez, los impactos de estos forzantes de cambio analizados pueden ser mitigados a través de acciones sitio-específicas de protección y restauración ecosistémica (Texto tomado de la fuente). | spa |
dc.description.abstract | The spatial modification effect that mangrove forests exert on the coastal front—by attenuating waves, capturing sediments, and forming soil—reduces the intensity of marine threats to the shoreline, decreases the exposure and vulnerability of coastal communities, and enhances their resilience after the impacts of such threats. These benefits vary depending on the conditions of each region or country, making it essential to understand both the local mangroves and the environmental settings in which they are found. The objective of this research was to estimate the trend of positional change of the mangrove forest front at a local scale in the Colombian Pacific, specifically along the Bocagrande shoreline in the municipality of Tumaco, Nariño department. This area consists of a deltaic mangrove influenced by terrigenous sediments, protected by a dynamic coastal spit shaped by marine currents, sediment discharge from the Mira River, and a mesotidal regime. Its behavior was compared with a mangrove in a contrasting region in the Old Point Mangrove Regional Park on the oceanic island of San Andrés, located in the northwest of the Colombian Caribbean Sea, in the department of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina. This area has been designated as the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, where karstic open-coast mangroves correspond to tree formations on coral islands and are hydrologically dependent on rainfall and marine influence, with a microtidal regime. Using satellite imagery, multitemporal changes (2010 to 2023) in the mangrove fronts were analyzed, revealing variable advances and retreats of the studied forests. The maximum advance rates were 7.57 m yr-1 (Old Point) and 11.69 m yr-1 (Bocagrande), while the maximum retreat rates were -6.6 m yr-1 (Old Point) and -19.7 m yr-1 (Bocagrande). To explain these change rates, their relationship with potential forcing factors such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), wave action, and river discharge was explored. The results indicate that the migration of the mangrove coastal front fluctuates over short periods in response to oceanographic, meteorological-marine, and hydrological phenomena. In Old Point, the strongest inverse relationship was found between the migration rate and significant wave height (R² = 0.83; p-value = 0.0002), followed by a direct relationship with wave velocity (R² = 0.47; p-value = 0.03). In Bocagrande, the strongest direct correlation was with the Mira river streamflow (R2=0,71; p-value=0,0045), while wave height was the second determinant with a direct correlation (R² = 0,33 y p-value=0,06). Changes in mangrove fronts have profound implications for the ecosystem services that these forests provide to society. In turn, the impacts of these analyzed change drivers can be mitigated through site-specific protection and ecosystem restoration actions. | eng |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Ciencias - Biología | spa |
dc.description.methods | En este estudio se abordó el análisis del fenómeno biológico de migración del frente del bosque de Rhizophora mangle, de acuerdo con sus funciones y estructura, de forma conjunta con fenómenos reguladores (oleaje, ENSO y caudal de río) como un bioindicador de vulnerabilidad costera ante el fenómeno de erosión causado por estos fenómenos forzantes. Se utilizaron datos hidrológicos, meteomarinos, oceanográficos y fisiográficos provenientes de fuentes abiertas | spa |
dc.description.researcharea | Modelación de ecosistemas costeros | spa |
dc.format.extent | 103 páginas | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/87967 | |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias | spa |
dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biología | spa |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional | spa |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | spa |
dc.subject.ddc | 570 - Biología::577 - Ecología | spa |
dc.subject.ddc | 580 - Plantas::582 - Plantas destacadas por características vegetativas y flores | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | EROSION COSTERA | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Coast changes | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | LITORAL-CONTORNO | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Shore-lines | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | LITORAL-PROTECCION | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Shore protection | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | COSTAS | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Coasts | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | FAUNA DE MANGLARES | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Mangrove animals | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | CONTROL DE INUNDACIONES | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Flood control | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | INFLUENCIAS FORESTALES | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Forest influences | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | SEDIMENTOS MARINOS | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Marine sediments | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | BIOLOGIA MARINA | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Marine biology | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Erosión | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Tasa de cambio de frente de vegetación | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Oleaje | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Caudal | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | El Niño-Oscilación del Sur | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Erosion | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Vegetation front change rate | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Wave | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Streamflow | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | San Andrés Isla | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Tumaco | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Vulnerabilidad | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Vulnerability | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | San Andrés, Island | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Tumaco | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | El Niño-Southern Oscillation | eng |
dc.title | Vulnerabilidad del litoral Pacífico colombiano a la erosión costera : bosques de manglar como ecosistemas mitigadores | spa |
dc.title.translated | Vulnerability of the Colombian Pacific Coastline to coastal rrosion: mangrove forests as mitigating ecosystems | eng |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | spa |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
dc.type.content | Text | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | spa |
dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | spa |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Grupos comunitarios | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestros | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general | spa |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | spa |
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