Elaboración de estructuras inteligentes 4D fabricadas mediante la técnica “Fused Filament Fabrication” haciendo uso de materiales termoplásticos

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dc.contributor.advisorHerrara Quintero, Liz Karen
dc.contributor.advisorBoyacá Mendivelso, Luis Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorOtálora Roa, Cristian Felipe
dc.contributor.cvlacOtálora Roa, Cristian Felipe [0001574235]
dc.contributor.orcidOtálora Roa, Cristian Felipe [0009-0005-6196-772X]
dc.contributor.researchgateOtálora Roa, Cristian Felipe [Cristian-Otalora]
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación Afis (Análisis de Fallas, Integridad y Superficies)
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-23T19:11:00Z
dc.date.available2026-02-23T19:11:00Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, gráficos, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractEl presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo imprimir estructuras 4D mediante manufactura aditiva utilizando un filamento compuesto de ácido poliláctico (PLA) y un elastómero termoplástico (TPU), capaz de modificar su geometría en virtud de estímulos térmicos. Se fabricaron filamentos experimentales PLA/TPU mediante la técnica de extrusión (FFF) y se caracterizaron sus propiedades térmicas, químicas y mecánicas a través de ensayos de FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, dureza Shore, flexión y tracción. La formulación PLA/TPU 90/10 se seleccionó como óptima al balancear procesabilidad y memoria de forma. Posteriormente, se evaluó su desempeño de impresión bajo diferentes parámetros de temperatura, flujo y velocidad, estableciendo condiciones estables y reproducibles. Finalmente, se diseñaron e imprimieron estructuras tipo honeycomb hexagonal 2D, programadas por compresión y activadas térmicamente a 65 °C y 85 °C. El análisis por videometrología (ImageJ) evidenció que la temperatura de activación es el factor más influyente en la cinética de recuperación geométrica. A 85 °C se alcanzaron porcentajes de recuperación superiores al 70%, mientras que a 65 °C los valores fueron moderados, con mayor dispersión y dependencia del espesor de capa. En conclusión, la combinación PLA/TPU 90/10 + FFF habilita comportamientos 4D medibles y repetibles, confirmando que el control de la arquitectura y de la activación térmica son determinantes para lograr retornos geométricos estables y elevados. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThe aim of this work was to print 4D structures through additive manufacturing using a composite filament of polylactic acid (PLA) and a thermoplastic elastomer (TPU), capable of modifying its geometry in response to thermal stimuli. Experimental PLA/TPU filaments were fabricated by extrusion (FFF) and characterized in terms of their thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties using FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, Shore hardness, tensile, and flexural tests. The PLA/TPU 90/10 formulation was selected as optimal, balancing processability and shape-memory performance. Subsequently, its printing performance was evaluated under different nozzle temperatures, flow rates, and printing speeds, establishing stable and reproducible conditions. Finally, honeycomb structures were designed and printed, programmed through compression and thermally activated at 65 °C and 85 °C. Video metrology analysis (ImageJ) revealed that activation temperature was the most influential factor in the kinetics of geometric recovery. At 85 °C, recovery percentages above 70% were achieved, whereas at 65 °C the values were moderate, with greater dispersion and dependence on layer thickness. In conclusion, the PLA/TPU 90/10 formulation combined with FFF enables measurable and repeatable 4D behavior, confirming that both structural architecture and thermal activation control are decisive to achieve high and stable geometric recovery.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Ingeniería - Materiales y Procesos
dc.description.researchareaMateriales poliméricos y manufactura aditiva
dc.format.extentxviii, 162 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89639
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Materiales y Procesos
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química
dc.subject.ddc670 - Manufactura::678 - Elastómeros y productos elastoméricos
dc.subject.proposalManufactura aditivaspa
dc.subject.proposalAdditive manufacturingeng
dc.subject.proposalImpresión 4Dspa
dc.subject.proposal4D Printingeng
dc.subject.proposalFilamentos PLA/TPUspa
dc.subject.proposalPLA/TPU filamentseng
dc.subject.proposalEstructuras honeycombspa
dc.subject.proposalHoneycomb structureseng
dc.subject.proposalMemoria de formaspa
dc.subject.proposalShape-memory effecteng
dc.subject.wikidataImpresión 4Dspa
dc.subject.wikidataFour-dimensional printingeng
dc.subject.wikidataÁcido polilacticospa
dc.subject.wikidataPolylactic acideng
dc.subject.wikidataElastómeros termoplásticosspa
dc.subject.wikidataThermoplastic olefineng
dc.titleElaboración de estructuras inteligentes 4D fabricadas mediante la técnica “Fused Filament Fabrication” haciendo uso de materiales termoplásticosspa
dc.title.translatedFabrication of 4D Smart Structures via Fused Filament Fabrication Using Thermoplastic Materialseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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