Actividad profesional e integridad mental en un grupo de trabajadores de salud pública: Un análisis de clínicas del trabajo
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Rubio Castro, Natalia Andrea
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El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la actividad profesional de cuatro trabajadores de salud pública de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá, y comprender cómo esta se relaciona con su integridad mental o sufrimiento. Se efectúo un análisis desde las Clínicas de Trabajo, específicamente en las perspectivas de la Ergología y de la Clínica de Actividad, para conseguir una aproximación efectiva a la subjetividad en el trabajo, reconociendo la complejidad de la actividad a través de la voz de los trabajadores. Organizamos catorce sesiones junto con los participantes, utilizando la técnica “Instrucciones al doble” para dar la oportunidad de discutir sobre las tareas que enfrentan a diario, así como los obstáculos y las estrategias que establecen para resolverlas. Se empleó el análisis del discurso sugerido por Y. Clot, que nos permite interpretar las narrativas de acuerdo con nuestra postura epistemológica, y evidenciar el desarrollo del proceso de pensamiento de los trabajadores. Los resultados sugieren que la actividad real del trabajador de salud pública está compuesta por muchas normas en al menos tres niveles: institucional, organizacional e individual; con conflictos entre ellos, los cuales solo pueden resolverse cuando el trabajador tiene la capacidad de ajustar y recrear aquellas normas. Además, encontramos que las formas de sufrimiento son compartidas por los trabajadores, pero la renormatización se vive sola y difícilmente contribuye a la memoria del grupo; esto se debe a la fragmentación del colectivo de trabajo. Para finalizar, observamos que el trabajo puede ser fuente de sufrimiento, tanto como de integridad mental, y esto se debe a la complejidad de la actividad, siendo la transición entre ambos necesaria para el desarrollo de la subjetividad.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to analyze the professional activity of four public health workers of the Bogota District Health Secretariat, and to understand how it was related with their mental integrity or suffering. We used a Work Clinics analysis, specifically from the Ergology and the Activity Clinic perspectives, in order to get an effective approach to the subjectivity at work, recognizing the complexity of the activity through the voice of the workers. We organized fourteen sessions along with the participants, using the “Instructions to the lookalike” technique to provide the opportunity to discuss about the tasks they face daily, as well as the obstacles and strategies they establish to deal with them. We use the speech analysis suggested by Y. Clot, which allows us to interpret the narratives in accordance with our epistemological standing, and to show the development of the thinking process of the workers. Results suggest that the real activity of the public health worker is compound by lots of norms in at least three levels: institutional, organizational and individual; with conflicts among them, which only can be solved when the worker has the capacity of adjusting and recreating those norms. Also, we found that suffering ways are shared by the workers, but the renormatization is lived alone and it hardly ever contribute to the memory of the group; this is because of the breaking of the working collective. To finish, we observed that work could be source of suffering as well as mental integrity, and this is due to the complexity of the activity, being the transition between both necessary for the development of subjectivity.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to analyze the professional activity of four public health workers of the Bogota District Health Secretariat, and to understand how it was related with their mental integrity or suffering. We used a Work Clinics analysis, specifically from the Ergology and the Activity Clinic perspectives, in order to get an effective approach to the subjectivity at work, recognizing the complexity of the activity through the voice of the workers. We organized fourteen sessions along with the participants, using the “Instructions to the lookalike” technique to provide the opportunity to discuss about the tasks they face daily, as well as the obstacles and strategies they establish to deal with them. We use the speech analysis suggested by Y. Clot, which allows us to interpret the narratives in accordance with our epistemological standing, and to show the development of the thinking process of the workers. Results suggest that the real activity of the public health worker is compound by lots of norms in at least three levels: institutional, organizational and individual; with conflicts among them, which only can be solved when the worker has the capacity of adjusting and recreating those norms. Also, we found that suffering ways are shared by the workers, but the renormatization is lived alone and it hardly ever contribute to the memory of the group; this is because of the breaking of the working collective. To finish, we observed that work could be source of suffering as well as mental integrity, and this is due to the complexity of the activity, being the transition between both necessary for the development of subjectivity.