Simulación del proceso de clarificación enzimática de jarabes glucosados producidos por medio de celulasas a partir de residuos agroindustriales

dc.contributor.advisorRuiz-Colorado, Angela Adriana
dc.contributor.advisorAcosta Pavas, Juan Camilo
dc.contributor.authorMorales González, Alejandro
dc.contributor.cvlacMorales González, Alejandro [0001892156]spa
dc.contributor.orcidMorales González, Alejandro [0009-0009-4895-6208]spa
dc.contributor.researchgroupBioprocesos y Flujos Reactivosspa
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-19T19:24:43Z
dc.date.available2023-05-19T19:24:43Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramasspa
dc.description.abstractEn general, esta investigación busca modelar y simular el proceso de clarificación enzimática con pectinasas y mejorar los procesos de clarificación tradicionales utilizados en los jarabes glucosados producidos a partir de residuos agroindustriales, permitiendo mejorar los jarabes producidos por el grupo de Investigación Bioprocesos y Flujos Reactivos de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (BIOFRUN). Los jarabes glucosados son soluciones ricas principalmente en glucosa, producidas por la hidrólisis ácida o enzimática del almidón, celulosa de residuos agroindustriales y/u otros materiales. A través de los pretratamientos y la hidrólisis, no solo se libera la glucosa, también quedan en la solución restos de las células vegetales, proteínas, grasas, aceites, pectinas y otros compuestos disueltos y suspendidos que le dan una apariencia turbia y opaca a los jarabes producidos. Dependiendo de los usos de estos jarabes, estos necesitan ser tratados con métodos de clarificación que remuevan o degraden estos compuestos contaminantes del jarabe. Estos métodos presentan algunos inconvenientes, la decantación y la centrifugación, a pesar de ser simples, presentan pérdidas considerables de jarabe (40 - 50%), la adsorción con carbón activado, a pesar de presentar la mejor eliminación del color, tiene el inconveniente de adsorber los azúcares del jarabe (alrededor del 14%), y la floculación mejora los procesos de clarificación, pero no puede actuar por sí sola, por lo que se ha buscado otros métodos para realizar este proceso. En los jarabes producidos a partir de residuos agroindustriales hay presencia de un residuo de particular interés, la pectina, un polisacárido complejo de alto peso molecular, que tiene la capacidad de formar geles cuando las largas cadenas de una molécula interactúa con las de otra, atrapando otras sustancias disueltas y sólidas, dando una apariencia turbia a las soluciones en las que está presente. Otros productos donde la pectina también está presente son los jugos y vinos producidos a partir de frutas. Por esta razón, para su clarificación son usadas enzimas pectídicas, que modifican y degradan la pectina, obteniendo un producto más claro y menos turbio. Este uso de las enzimas pectídicas se aplicó en este trabajo en jarabes glucosados con el fin de degradar la pectina presente en estos y obtener un aumento de su claridad. Esta investigación tuvo como propósito la evaluación de enzimas pectídicas aplicadas al momento de realizar la clarificación de jarabes glucosados producidos a partir de residuos de carácter lignocelulósico, encontrando las mejores condiciones para realizar dicho proceso y modelarlo usando datos de la investigación. La primera parte de este trabajo comienza con una recopilación bibliográfica de los temas relacionados con este proceso, empezando con la historia de los jarabes glucosados, las materias primas de las que se obtienen, sus métodos de producción y clarificación, que es la pectina y las enzimas pectídicas, estudios previos para la clarificación de jugos y jarabes, y el modelamiento. La segunda parte de esta investigación corresponde al proceso de clarificación enzimática, que inicia con la caracterización de la materia prima utilizada para la producción del jarabe y las enzimas usadas para la clarificación, encontrando propiedades como la composición química de la materia prima, los parámetros cinéticos y la actividad de la enzima. Con estos datos se procede a preparar el jarabe y realizar los ensayos de clarificación, variando la concentración de enzima y la agitación para encontrar la combinación de parámetros que obtienen la mejor clarificación, y finalmente seguir el proceso de clarificación de los jarabes a lo largo del tiempo. La última etapa de este estudio es utilizar los datos de clarificación contra tiempo y parámetros cinéticos obtenidos en la etapa anterior, para combinarlos con otra información de la literatura y así llegar al planteamiento de un modelo dinámico con base fenomenológica que sea capaz de simular como se degrada la pectina en oligosacáridos de ácido poligalacturónico, hasta llegar a la formación de ácido galacturónico, y vincular esta degradación con la clarificación del jarabe. Adicionalmente, se buscó la optimización de los parámetros del modelo, comparando los datos simulados con los experimentales, encontrando la combinación de parámetros que reduzca sus diferencias por medio de programas matemáticos. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractIn general, this study tries to simulate the clarification process with pectolytic enzymes and enhance the traditional clarification methods used in glycosidic syrups produced from agroindustrial wastes, to improve the syrups produced by the research group Bioprocess and Reactive Flows of the National University of Colombia (BIOFRUN). Glucose syrups are solutions mainly composed of glucose, produced by the acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, cellulose from agro-industrial residues or other materials. Through the pretreatments and hydrolysis, not only glucose is liberated, other remnants like pieces of vegetable cells, proteins, fats, oils, pectin and other dissolved and suspended residues are produced, that gives the syrup a hazy and dark appearance. Depending on the use of the syrups, needing to be treated with clarification methods that remove or degrade these contaminants from the syrup. These methods have disadvantages, while the decantation and the centrifugation process are simple, a considerable quantity of syrup is lost (40 - 50%), the adsorption with activated charcoal presents the best color removal, but it has the inconvenience of also adsorbing the sugars from the syrup (around 14%) and the flocculation enhances the clarification methods, but it cannot be used alone, for this reason other methods to do this process were researched. In the glucose syrups produced from agro-industrial residues exist a compound of particular interest, pectin, a complex polysaccharide with a high molecular weight, which has the capability to produce gels when the long chains of one molecule interact with ones of another, this gel can ensnare other suspended molecules, giving the solutions in which, it is present a hazy appearance. Other products that present pectin, are the fruit juices and wines, for this reason pectolytic enzymes are used for their clarification, enzymes that can modify and degrade the pectin, obtaining a clearer and less hazy product. The use of this kind of enzyme was applied to glucose syrups in this work, to degrade the pectin and achieve an increment on its clarity. The purpose of this research work was to verify if this clarification process with pectolytic enzymes could be used in the clarification of glucose syrups produced from lignocellulosic residues, finding the best conditions to execute this process, and modeling it using the data from the investigation. The first part of this work begins with a bibliographic compilation of the themes related to this process, beginning with the history of glycosidic syrups, the materials used in its production, the methods to produce and clarify them, what are pectin and pectolitic enzymes, previous studies about clarification of juices and syrups and process modeling. The second part of this investigation covers the enzymatic clarification process, beginning with the characterization of the lignocellulosic material used to produce the syrup and the enzymes used for its clarification, finding properties like the chemical composition of the materials, the kinetic parameters and activity of the enzyme. After obtaining this information, the production and clarification of the syrup began, varying the enzyme concentration and stirring to find the combination of parameters that produces the highest clarity, and finally follow the clarification process through the time. The last stage of this study is to use the information obtained from following the clarification process through the time and kinetic parameters obtained in the previous part, combine it with other information from the literature to propose a semi-physical mathematical model that is capable to simulate how pectin degrades in polygalacturonic acid oligosaccharides until it becomes monomers of galacturonic acid and link this degradation with the clarification of the syrup. Additionally, the model parameters were optimized, comparing the experimental data with the simulated ones, searching the combination of parameters that minimizes the difference through mathematical programs.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ingeniería Químicaspa
dc.description.methodsCaracterización de la materia prima según las metodologías del National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)spa
dc.description.researchareaPretratamiento de residuos agroindustriales por vía química y enzimáticaspa
dc.format.extent99 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83836
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Minasspa
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Químicaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química::664 - Tecnología de alimentosspa
dc.subject.lembJarabe - Clarificación
dc.subject.proposalPectinaspa
dc.subject.proposalJarabe glucosadospa
dc.subject.proposalEnzimasspa
dc.subject.proposalSimulaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalPectineng
dc.subject.proposalGlucose syrupeng
dc.subject.proposalPoligalacturonasaspa
dc.subject.proposalPolygalacturonaseeng
dc.subject.proposalSimulationeng
dc.subject.proposalEnzymeseng
dc.subject.proposalClarificaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalClarificationeng
dc.titleSimulación del proceso de clarificación enzimática de jarabes glucosados producidos por medio de celulasas a partir de residuos agroindustrialesspa
dc.title.translatedSimulation of the enzymatic clarification process of glucose syrups produced by cellulases from agro-industrial wasteeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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