Ecología de la polinización de especies simpátricas del género Wettinia (Arecaceae) en el Chocó biogeográfico

dc.contributor.advisorZamora Abrego , Joan Gastón
dc.contributor.authorBorja Renteria , Jhoniel Javier
dc.contributor.cvlacBorja Renteria, Jhoniel [0000183141]
dc.contributor.orcidBorja Renteria, Jhoniel [0000-0003-4125-5395]
dc.contributor.orcidZamora Abrego, Joan [0000-0003-2904-4077]
dc.contributor.researchgateBorja Renteria, Jhoniel [Jhoniel-Borja-Renteria]
dc.contributor.researchgroupEcología y Conservación de Fauna y Flora Silvestre
dc.coverage.regionChocó (Colombia)
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-28T17:19:54Z
dc.date.available2025-08-28T17:19:54Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, fotografías, mapasspa
dc.description.abstractLas palmas (Arecaceae) son clave para los ecosistemas tropicales, proporcionando recursos esenciales a los ecosistemas. El estudio de las interacciones planta-insectos permite comprender estrategias reproductivas y patrones fenológicos que presentan las especies. El Chocó biogeográfico, con su alta diversidad de palmas, ofrece un escenario idóneo para entender los mecanismos de polinización y estrategias reproductivas entre especies simpátricas como las del género Wettinia (W. aequalis, W. quinaria y W. radiata). Para comprender la ecología de la polinización en estas especies, la investigación se estructuró en tres capítulos, abordando la siguiente pregunta: Esta investigación abordó cómo los mecanismos de polinización y características florales favorecen la coexistencia de estas palmas. Se realizaron tres estudios: i) Se evaluó la fenología reproductiva y morfología floral, ii) identificación de compuestos volátiles florales y iii) análisis de visitantes florales y polinizadores potenciales. i) Se evaluó y comparó la fenología reproductiva (floración y fructificación) y morfología floral de Wettinia aequalis, W. quinaria y W. radiata simpátricas del bosque pluvial tropical (pb-T) de Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia, analizando sus patrones fenológicos en relación con la precipitación y temperatura. ii) Se identificó la composición química de los compuestos orgánicos volátiles (CVO) florales en tres especies iii) Se identificaron los visitantes florales y los potenciales polinizadores responsables del transporte de polen en W. aequalis, W. quinaria y W. radiata. Las tres poblaciones florecieron y fructificaron durante todo el año, con patrones asincrónicos. W. aequalis floreció principalmente en noviembre y enero, con fructificación entre enero-marzo y octubre-diciembre. W. quinaria floreció en noviembre-diciembre y marzo, con picos de fructificación en marzo-abril. W. radiata mostró floración en junio y fructificación en febrero, octubre y diciembre. La precipitación afectó negativamente la floración y fructificación (β = -0.0005, p < 0.05), mientras que la temperatura no tuvo un efecto significativo. La interacción entre precipitación y temperatura influyó en la floración (p = 0.002). Se observaron diferencias significativas entre las especies en el número de yemas por nudo y flores por inflorescencia. Las inflorescencias son infrafoliares, con sistema monoico dicógamo que favorece la polinización cruzada. La maduración de los frutos toma entre 8.5 y 9.2 meses. Se identificaron 14 COV, destacando los hidrocarburos saturados (8) e insaturados (3), sesquiterpenos (2) y Bencenoides. W. aequalis presentó el perfil más diverso con 11 compuestos, dominado por hidrocarburos saturados como Undecano (52,10%). W. quinaria tuvo un compuestos exclusivo 1,4-dimetoxibenceno (99,60%), un Bencenoides aromático. W. radiata exhibió un perfil intermedio, compartiendo hidrocarburos saturados con W. aequalis, pero en proporciones distintas. El análisis de componentes principales explicó el 94,37% de la varianza química, evidenciando segregación entre especies. Se registraron 75 especies de insectos y 3 arácnidos, agrupados en 5 órdenes. Coleoptera e Hymenoptera con mayor riqueza y Curculionidae y Nitidulidae con las especies más abundantes. La riqueza de visitantes florales fue mayor en W. quinaria (68 morfoespecies), seguida de W. radiata (54) y W. aequalis (53), W. quinaria presentó diferencias significativas (P = 0.0062) en riqueza y abundancia con respecto a las otras especies. W. quinaria con la mayor abundancia, en promedio con 10250, W. aequalis con 6542 y W. radiata con 5733 insectos por inflorescencia. Se identificaron cuatro grupos funcionales, los polinívoros el más dominante con 48.71 %. Los polinizadores principales para W. aequalis fueron Mystrops sp. nov. A, Trigona ferricauda, Trigona fulviventris, Phyllotrox sp4, Nitidulidae gen 3. en W. quinaria Phyllotrox sp1, Phyllotrox sp2, Mystrops sp. nov. A y Mystrops sp. nov. B. mientras que en W. radiata fueron Mystrops sp. nov. A, Mystrops sp. nov. B y Anthocorcina connelli. El análisis de la red de interacción entre visitantes florales y las palmas W. aequalis, W. quinaria y W. radiata revela alta conectividad (C = 0,763) y un equilibrio entre especialización y generalización (H2' = 0,68). Se identificaron 87 interacciones, con W. quinaria como la palma con más visitantes. Algunos insectos, como Mystrops sp. nov. A y Phyllotrox sp1, tienen un alto índice de importancia relativa (IRP), sugiriendo su papel clave en la polinización. La red muestra modularidad (Q = 0.419), indicando subgrupos de interacción, y cierto solapamiento entre polinizadores, lo que favorece la estabilidad del sistema. (Tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractPalms (Arecaceae) are key to tropical ecosystems, providing essential resources to ecosystems. The study of plant-insect interactions allows us to understand the reproductive strategies and phenological patterns of the species. The biogeographic Chocó, with its high diversity of palms, offers an ideal scenario to understand pollination mechanisms and reproductive strategies among sympatric species such as those of the genus Wettinia (W. aequalis, W. quinaria and W. radiata). To understand the pollination ecology of these species, the research was structured in three chapters, addressing the following question: This research addressed how pollination mechanisms and floral characteristics favor the coexistence of these palms. Three studies were conducted: i) reproductive phenology and floral morphology were evaluated, ii) identification of floral volatile compounds, and iii) analysis of floral visitors and potential pollinators. i) The reproductive phenology (flowering and fruiting) and floral morphology of sympatric Wettinia aequalis, W. quinaria, and W. radiata from the tropical rainforest (pb-T) of Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia, were evaluated, and compared by analyzing their phenological patterns about precipitation and temperature. ii) The chemical composition of floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was identified in three species iii) Floral visitors and potential pollinators responsible for pollen transport were identified in W. aequalis, W. quinaria and W. radiata. All three populations flowered and fructified throughout the year, with asynchronous patterns. W. aequalis flowered mainly in November and January, with fruiting between January-March and October-December. W. quinaria flowered in November-December and March, with peak fruiting in March-April. W. radiata showed flowering in June and fruiting in February, October and December. Precipitation negatively affected flowering and fruiting (β = -0.0005, p < 0.05), while temperature had no significant effect. The interaction between precipitation and temperature influenced flowering (p = 0.002). Significant differences between species were observed in the number of buds per node and flowers per inflorescence. Inflorescences are infrafoliar, with a monoecious dichogamous system that favors cross-pollination. Fruit ripening takes between 8.5 and 9.2 months. Fourteen VOCs were identified, highlighting saturated (8) and unsaturated (3) hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes (2), and benzenoids. W. aequalis presented the most diverse profile with 11 compounds, dominated by saturated hydrocarbons such as Undecane (52.10%). W. quinaria had an exclusive 1,4-dimethoxybenzene compound (99.60%), an aromatic benzenoid. W. radiata exhibited an intermediate profile, sharing saturated hydrocarbons with W. aequalis, but in different proportions. Principal component analysis explained 94.37% of the chemical variance, showing segregation between species. Seventy-five species of insects and three arachnids were recorded, grouped into five orders. Coleoptera and Hymenoptera with the highest richness and Curculionidae and Nitidulidae with the most abundant species. The richness of floral visitors was higher in W. quinaria (68 morphospecies), followed by W. radiata (54) and W. aequalis (53), W. quinaria presented significant differences (P = 0.0062) in richness and abundance with respect to the other species. W. quinaria had the highest abundance, on average with 10250, W. aequalis with 6542, and W. radiata with 5733 insects per inflorescence. Four functional groups were identified, pollinivores being the most dominant with 48.71 %. The main pollinators for W. aequalis were Mystrops sp. nov. A, Trigona ferricauda, Trigona fulviventris, Phyllotrox sp4, Nitidulidae gen 3. in W. quinaria Phyllotrox sp1, Phyllotrox sp2, Mystrops sp. nov. A and Mystrops sp. nov. B. while in W. radiata they were Mystrops sp. nov. A, Mystrops sp. nov. B and Anthocorcina connelli. Analysis of the interaction network between floral visitors and the palms W. aequalis, W. quinaria and W. radiata reveals high connectivity (C = 0.763) and a balance between specialization and generalization (H2' = 0.68). Eighty-seven interactions were identified, with W. quinaria as the palm with the most visitors. Some insects, such as Mystrops sp. nov. A and Phyllotrox sp1, have a high relative importance index (RHI), suggesting their key role in pollination. The network shows modularity (Q = 0.419), indicating interaction subgroups, and some overlap between pollinators, which favors the stability of the system.eng
dc.description.curricularareaBosques Y Conservación Ambiental.Sede Medellín
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Bosques y Conservación Ambiental
dc.description.researchareaEcología de la polinización y biología reproductiva de plantas tropicales
dc.description.researchareaInteracciones planta–animal y redes de polinización
dc.description.sponsorshipConvocatoria para la Formación de Capital Humano de Alto Nivel para los departamentos de Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Chocó, Guainía, San Andrés, Tolima y Vaupés, en el marco de la celebración del Bicentenario y la Convocatoria 7 del Plan Bienal del FCTEI 2019-2020
dc.format.extent113 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/88500
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Bosques y Conservación Ambiental
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.lembFecundación de las plantas
dc.subject.lembEcosistemas - Chocó (Colombia)
dc.subject.lembDiversidad biológica - Chocó (Colombia)
dc.subject.lembConservación del medio ambiente
dc.subject.proposalAislamiento reproductivospa
dc.subject.proposalReproductive isolationeng
dc.subject.proposalAroma floralspa
dc.subject.proposalFloral aromaeng
dc.subject.proposalChocó biogeográficospa
dc.subject.proposalChocó biogeographiceng
dc.subject.proposalMorfología floralspa
dc.subject.proposalFloral morphologyeng
dc.subject.proposalPolinizaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalPollinationeng
dc.subject.proposalVisitantes floralesspa
dc.subject.proposalFloral visitorseng
dc.subject.proposalWettiniaspa
dc.titleEcología de la polinización de especies simpátricas del género Wettinia (Arecaceae) en el Chocó biogeográficospa
dc.title.translatedPollination ecology of sympatric species of the genus wettinia (arecaceae) in the Chocó biogeographic regioneng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.awardtitleConvocatoria para la Formación de Capital Humano de Alto Nivel para los departamentos de Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Chocó, Guainía, San Andrés, Tolima y Vaupés, en el marco de la celebración del Bicentenario y la Convocatoria 7 del Plan Bienal del FCTEI 2019-2020
oaire.fundernameSistema General de Regalias

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