Etiología de la pudrición del tallo del maíz (Zea mays L.) en el trópico frío Colombiano, el caso del valle de Ubaté

dc.contributor.advisorGómez Caro, Sandraspa
dc.contributor.advisorLigarreto Moreno, Gustavo Adolfospa
dc.contributor.authorMaldonado Archila, Germán Yesidspa
dc.coverage.countryColombiaspa
dc.coverage.regionCundinamarcaspa
dc.coverage.regionValle de Ubatéspa
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-17T21:40:37Zspa
dc.date.available2020-07-17T21:40:37Zspa
dc.date.issued2019-12-16spa
dc.descriptionilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractEn años recientes los cultivos de maíz de la zona del valle de Ubaté vienen siendo afectados por una pudrición del tallo que produce el volcamiento de las plantas lo cual ha incidido negativamente en los rendimientos y siembra de esta especie en la zona. Por esto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar el agente causal de la pudrición del tallo de maíz en el valle de Ubaté, determinar los aspectos etiológicos más importantes de la enfermedad y evaluar el efecto del manejo del potencial de inóculo sobre la enfermedad, el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo. En este estudio las variedades regionales de maíz Simijaca y Sogamoso fueron susceptibles a la pudrición del tallo. Los agentes causales de esta pudrición correspondieron a Fusarium graminearum (Fusarium graminearum species complex) (FGSC) y Fusarium subglutinans (Fusarium fujikuoi species complex) (FFSC). El inóculo de F. graminearum (FGSC) fue detectado en los residuos de cosecha de maíz en pie, aire y semilla en tanto que, el inóculo de F. subglutinans fue encontrado en semilla y detritos del cultivo presentes en el suelo. Se observó que la planta de maíz es colonizada por F. graminearum y F. subglutinans desde la semilla y que la frecuencia de ambas especies se incrementa según el avance del ciclo del cultivo. La inoculación individual de F. graminearum y F. subglutinans generó plantas de mayor longitud, pero con reducido diámetro del tallo con respecto a la inoculación conjunta de ambas especies. A nivel histológico, se observaron acumulaciones de lignina en el tallo de plantas de maíz crecidas en suelo naturalmente infestado por Fusarium spp. En campo, mayor incidencia de pudrición del tallo y posterior volcamiento se asoció con episodios de limitada disponibilidad de agua y temperaturas inferiores a 10 °C hasta por seis horas. Los eventos de volcamiento se manifestaron uno o dos meses después del episodio de estrés dependiendo de la intensidad y estado de desarrollo del cultivo en el cual fue afectado. Los resultados indican que, mayores valores de altura de la planta y diámetro del tallo se obtuvieron en lotes con historial de rotación, intermedios donde se retiraron los residuos de cosecha y bajos donde se mantuvieron. Por su parte, la incidencia de la pudrición del tallo y el diámetro de la mazorca fue mayor donde se dejaron los residuos de cosecha, intermedia donde se retiraron y baja en la rotación. El historial del lote del cultivo y los tratamientos térmicos a la semilla de forma individual no tuvieron efecto significativo sobre el porcentaje de volcamiento. Sin embargo, el tratamiento a la semilla por calor seco a 50 °C en el lote de rotación presentó menores porcentajes de incidencia y posterior volcamiento con una reducción neta del 54%. Finalmente, en cuanto al rendimiento, la rotación de cultivos redujo el número de mazorcas pese a que se obtuvieron mayores valores de altura y diámetro del tallo en este historial del lote del cultivo. Los lotes con historial maíz-maíz con o sin residuos de cosecha obtuvieron el doble de la producción destacando la importancia de la asociación del maíz variedad regional Simijaca con F. graminearum (FGSC) y F. subglutinans (FFSC) en el valle de Ubaté. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron la comprensión integral del volcamiento de maíz en el valle de Ubaté y son un aporte para el diseño de propuestas de manejo de la enfermedad las cuales deben estar enmarcadas en análisis de riesgo para el sistema de producción de maíz de clima frío. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractIn recent years, maize crops in the Ubate valley have been affected by stalk rot that causes plant lodging, which has had a negative impact on the yields and planting of this crop in the area. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to identify the causal agent of maize stalk rot in the Ubate valley, determine the most important etiological aspects of the disease, and evaluate the effect of the inoculum potential management on disease development, and crop growth and yield. In this study the regional maize varieties Simijaca and Sogamoso were susceptible to stalk rot. The causal agents corresponded to Fusarium graminearum (Fusarium graminearum species complex) (FGSC) and Fusarium subglutinans (Fusarium fujikuroi species complex) (FFSC). The inoculum of F. graminearum was detected in standing crop debris, in the air and seeds, whereas F. subglutinans inoculum was found in seeds and crop debris present in the soil. It was observed that corn plants were colonized by F. graminearum and F. subglutinans from the seed and the frequency of both species increased as the crop cycle progressed. Individual F. graminearum and F. subglutinans inoculation generated taller plants but with reduced stem diameter compared to the joint inoculation of both species. At histological level, lignin accumulations were observed in the stem of maize plants grown in naturally infested soil by Fusarium spp. In the field, higher stalk rot incidence and subsequent lodging were associated with episodes of limited water supplies and temperatures below 10°C for up to six hours. Lodging events manifested one or two months after the stress episode depending on the intensity and crop development status. The results indicated that higher values of plant height and stem diameter were obtained in plots with a history of crop rotation, whereas intermediate ones were observed under crop residues removal, and low values were obtained in places where debris was kept. On the other hand, stalk rot incidence and cob diameter were higher in the places where crop residues were left, whereas intermediate values of these variables were obtained where debris was removed and in plots with low crop rotation. The history of the crop lot and seed treatments did not have a significant effect on the lodging percentage individually. However, seed treatment with dry heat at 50°C in the plot with crop rotation showed lower incidence and lodging percentages with a net reduction of 54%. Finally, regarding yield, crop rotation reduced the number of ears despite the fact that higher height and stem diameter values were obtained in this history of the crop plot. Plots with maize-maize history with or without crop debris obtained twice the production, highlighting the importance of the association of the Simijaca regional variety with F. graminearum (FGSC) and F. subglutinans (FFSC) in the Ubate valley. The obtained results allowed the compressive understating of maize lodging in the Ubate valley and are a contribution to the design of disease management proposals which should consider the risk analysis for maize production systems in cold weather.eng
dc.description.curricularareaCiencias Agronómicasspa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.description.notesIncluye anexosspa
dc.description.projectMejoramiento de la competitividad de los cultivos de frijol y maíz en las regiones de Ubaté y el Guavio en el departamento de Cundinamarca” enmarcado en el proyecto del Corredor tecnológico agroindustrial Bogotá-Cundinamarca CTA-2 “Investigación, desarrollo y transferencia tecnológica en el sector agropecuario y agroindustrial con el fin de mejorar todo el departamento, Cundinamarca, Centro oriente”spa
dc.description.researchareaFitopatologíaspa
dc.description.sponsorshipSistema General de Regalías, de la secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología del Departamento de Cundinamarca, la Secretaria Distrital de Desarrollo Económico de Bogotá, D.C y contrapartidas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria CORPOICA.spa
dc.format.extent179 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77794
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de posgradosspa
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de posgradosspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Doctorado en Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrariasspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.agrovocPodredumbresspa
dc.subject.agrovocrotseng
dc.subject.agrovocZea maysspa
dc.subject.agrovocZea mayseng
dc.subject.agrovocEtiologíaspa
dc.subject.agrovocaetiologyeng
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::632 - Lesiones, enfermedades, plagas vegetalesspa
dc.subject.proposalZea mays L.eng
dc.subject.proposalFusarium graminearumeng
dc.subject.proposalFusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC)eng
dc.subject.proposalFusarium subglutinanseng
dc.subject.proposalFusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC)eng
dc.subject.proposalmaize stalk roteng
dc.subject.proposallodgingeng
dc.subject.proposalclimate variabilityeng
dc.subject.proposalfitnesseng
dc.subject.proposalcrop rotationeng
dc.subject.proposalcrop debriseng
dc.subject.proposalseed treatmentseng
dc.subject.proposalZea mays L.spa
dc.subject.proposalFusarium graminearumspa
dc.subject.proposalFusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC)eng
dc.subject.proposalFusarium subglutinanseng
dc.subject.proposalFusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC)eng
dc.subject.proposalpudrición del tallo de maízspa
dc.subject.proposalvolcamientospa
dc.subject.proposalvariabilidad climáticaspa
dc.subject.proposalfitnessspa
dc.subject.proposalrotación de cultivosspa
dc.subject.proposalresiduos de cosechaspa
dc.subject.proposaltratamientos de semillaspa
dc.titleEtiología de la pudrición del tallo del maíz (Zea mays L.) en el trópico frío Colombiano, el caso del valle de Ubatéspa
dc.title.translatedCorn Stalk rot etiology (Zea mays L.) in the Colombian cold tropic, the Ubaté valley caseeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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