Detección de patologías de plantas en cultivos de palma aceitera a partir del análisis automático de imágenes multiespectrales basado en técnicas de procesamiento digital de imágenes y aprendizaje computacional

dc.contributor.advisorCamacho Tamayo, Jesús Hernán
dc.contributor.advisorCruz Roa, Angel Alfonso
dc.contributor.authorTorres Galindo, Angie Katherine
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-16T14:24:49Z
dc.date.available2026-02-16T14:24:49Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, diagramas, gráficosspa
dc.description.abstractEste trabajo de grado aborda la aplicación de técnicas de visión por computadora y el análisis de imágenes multiespectrales, para la posible detección temprana de la Marchitez Letal (ML), una de las enfermedades más devastadoras en los cultivos de palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis Jacp.) en Colombia. Se aplicó la metodología CRISP-DM. Para la adquisición de datos, se utilizó unas aeronaves remotamente pilotadas equipadas con el sensor multiespectral Micasense Rededge M. Para el procesamiento de las imágenes multiespectrales se aplicaron técnicas de procesamiento digital de imágenes, como la normalización de la reflectancia, así como de índices vegetacionales como el NDRE, para el realce de características de imagen. El componente principal del estudio se enfoca en la implementación de una red neuronal convolucional (CNN), y la exploración de arquitecturas como EfficientNetB0 y ResNet50V2 para realizar un a clasificación binaria de las palmas: sanas y enfermas. Logrando resultados de las métricas de desempeño en el modelo de la CNN escogida valores sobresalientes, como una exactitud (accuracy) general del 88% y un AUC de 0,8758, en arquitecturas como ResNet50V2 la exactitud fue de 93%, revelando un comportamiento prometedor con datos multiespectrales en la detección de los estados de la enfermedad. Este trabajo de grado presenta que el uso de imágenes multiespectrales y técnicas de aprendizaje computacional podrían ser una herramienta viable para el monitoreo y control de la enfermedad, ofreciendo una posible solución en comparación con los métodos de inspección visual tradicionales. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThis degree project addresses the application of computer vision techniques and multispectral image analysis for the potential early detection of Lethal Wilt (LW), one of the most devastating diseases in oil palm crops (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Colombia. The CRISP-DM methodology was applied. For data acquisition, remotely piloted aircraft systems equipped with the Micasense RedEdge-M multispectral sensor were utilized. Regarding multispectral image processing, digital image processing techniques were applied, such as reflectance normalization and vegetation indices like NDRE, to enhance image features. The main component of the study focuses on the implementation of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the exploration of architectures such as EfficientNetB0 and ResNet50V2 to perform a binary classification of the palms: healthy and diseased. Outstanding performance metric results were achieved with the chosen CNN model, including an overall accuracy of 88% and an AUC of 0.8758. In architectures like ResNet50V2, accuracy reached 93%, revealing promising performance using multispectral data for detecting disease states. This degree project presents that the use of multispectral imagery and machine learning techniques could be a viable tool for the monitoring and control of the disease, offering a potential solution compared to traditional visual inspection methods.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación
dc.format.extent93 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89558
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.subject.blaaMarchitez letal (ML)spa
dc.subject.blaaImágenes multiespectralesspa
dc.subject.ddc000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales
dc.subject.ddc600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas)
dc.subject.ddc580 - Plantas
dc.subject.lembAceite de palmaspa
dc.subject.lembPalm-oileng
dc.subject.lembProcesamiento de imágenesspa
dc.subject.lembImage processingeng
dc.subject.lembTeoría del aprendizaje computacionalspa
dc.subject.lembComputational learning theoryeng
dc.subject.proposalMarchitez Letalspa
dc.subject.proposalPalma aceiteraspa
dc.subject.proposalImágenes multiespectralesspa
dc.subject.proposalProcesamiento de imágenesspa
dc.subject.proposalAprendizaje computacionalspa
dc.subject.proposalDetección de patologíasspa
dc.subject.proposalLethal Wilteng
dc.subject.proposalOil palmeng
dc.subject.proposalMultispectral imagingeng
dc.subject.proposalImage processingeng
dc.subject.proposalComputational learningeng
dc.subject.proposalDisease detectioneng
dc.titleDetección de patologías de plantas en cultivos de palma aceitera a partir del análisis automático de imágenes multiespectrales basado en técnicas de procesamiento digital de imágenes y aprendizaje computacionalspa
dc.title.translatedDetection of plant diseases in oil palm crops through automated analysis of multispectral images based on digital image processing and machine learning techniqueseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEspecializada
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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