Agronomía Colombiana
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Ítem Editorial(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-05-13) Fischer, GerhardLa revista Agronomía Colombiana ha cumplido con lasexigencias anunciadas por Colciencias que se daráninicio a partir del 2014 y en la cual se contempla que hastaun 30% de los autores pueden tener un vínculo a la institucióneditora, que en este caso es la Universidad Nacionalde Colombia. Esto es un gran reto y a la vez un estímulopara los profesores investigadores que trabajan en gruposy redes de investigación con colegas de otras institucionesa nivel nacional e internacional para publicar sus artículosen Agronomía Colombiana.Ítem Characterization and typification of citrus production systems in the department of meta(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Cleves-Leguízamo, José Alejandro; Jarma-Orozco, AlfredoAgriculture is a co-evolutionary process between society and nature. Agroecology is an environmental science which focuses on ecosystem-culture and society-nature interactive systems, the effect of human intervention in the transformation of ecosystems. The central objects are agroecosystems and the units of study are production units. These production units are conceived of as agricultural systems and are found in the crossroads of multiple interactions between biophysical, socioeconomical, cultural, and production components, which must be analyzed with an integrated concept. In the present study, a characterization and typification of the citrus agroecosystems of the department of Meta were pursued (Colombia). The pertinence of implementing the methodology designed by the Latin-American Center for Rural Development (Centro Latinoamericano para el Desarrollo Rural-RI MISP) was evaluated, grouping the variables with a focus on an analysis of livelihoods. A survey and interview were defined as methods of collecting the primary information in the municipalities of Puerto Lopez, Villavicencio, Granada, Lejanias, Guamal and San Martin, where 78.4% of the citrus area of the department is found. This study involved the selection and definition of the evaluation variables, validation and adjustment of said variables, collection of primary and secondary information, and the application of multivariate statistical analysis techniques to conform and characterize the recommendation domains or groups. The more important results indicated that it is possible to increase knowledge of the interrelations that exist between the different components of farm agroecosystems and their relationship with the principal agroecological structure. The existence of six agricultural groups or recommendation domains was established, with some productive characteristics very similar within the group but very heterogeneous to the outside of the group, with particular necessities.Ítem The effect of high iron doses (fe2+) on the growth of broccoli plants (brassica oleracea var. italica)(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Peña-Olmos, Jaime E.; Casierra Posada, Fánor; Olmos-Cubides, Misael A.Tests were carried out under greenhouse conditions in Tunja (Colombia) in order to evaluate the effect of Fe2+ toxicity on the growth of broccoli plants. ‘Legacy’ hybrid Brassica oleracea var. Italica plantlets were grown in glass containers with a nutritive solution. Iron sulfate was added to the substrate in order to produce excess iron at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L-1; a control without iron sulfate applications was used. The following evaluations were made: leaf area, total dry weight of the plants, distribution of dry mass (DM) in the different organs, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and the root:shoot ratio. The total DM decreased drastically in the plants subjected to excess Fe2+, the growth indices progressively decreased with increases in the Fe2+ concentrations in the substrate and the distribution of DM in the organs varied as a function of the needs of the plants, with 15.85 and 11.10% less DM in the roots of the plants subjected to Fe2+ than in the control plants, at 100 and 250 mg L-1, respectively.Ítem Ethylene and 1-mcp affect the postharvest behavior of yellow pitahaya fruits (selenicereus megalanthus haw.)(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Deaquiz, Yuli Alexandra; Álvarez-Herrera, Javier; Fischer, GerhardThe pitahaya or dragon fruit is one of the most representative exotic fruits that Colombia has, with an important, growing international market, but the cultivation and postharvest of this fruit lack sufficient technological support to be more competitive. Therefore, alternatives that provide good-quality products that meet market requirements are very important. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of a ripening retardant and ethylene application on the conservation and quality of pitahaya fruits and the possible changes during ripening associated with ethylene, for which a completely randomized design with three treatments was used, corresponding to the application of ethylene (ethephon, 3 mL L-1), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 600 mg L-1) and a control, with four replications, for a total of 12 experimental units. The fruits were stored at 18°C with 75% relative humidity. The 1-MCP application significantly decreased the loss of firmness, total soluble solids, loss of fresh mass and respiratory rate. Fruits from the control and ethylene treatment tended toward a climateric respiratory behavior. The total carotenoid content of the fruits was significantly higher in the ethylene application and the control treatment, which was consistent with the color change of the fruits. It can be concluded that the 1-MCP application reduced the ethylene action, slowing the ripening of the dragon fruits.Ítem Nutrient uptake of the criolla potato (solanum phureja var. galeras) for the determination of critical nutritional levels(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Torres B., Jaime; Suarez M., Carlos A.Based on the nutrient uptake of the criolla potato (Solanum phureja var. Galeras), the critical nutritional levels were determined on a farm in the Carrizal district of the municipality of Granada (Cundinamarca). Five fertilizing treatments were used: 0 fertilization (control), commercial control (CC), proposed recommendation + 50% (PR + 50%), proposed recommendation (PR), proposed recommendation - 50% (PR – 50%); organized with a random complete block design with three repetitions and repeated measurements over time; in each one, the material and nutrient absorption were evaluated in four phonological stages; in which the harvest, yield and profitability were measured. It was observed that the dry material increased rapidly until 113 days after planting (dap) and was higher in treatments CC and PR + 50% with 8,818 and 7,743 kg ha-1, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the elements: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Cu and B did not present significant differences over time after 77 dap in treatments CC and PR + 50%. There were no significant differences in yield for treatments CC and PR + 50% but there were significant differences between these treatments and the others. The economic analysis showed that treatment CC had the highest profitability, confirming this as the critical level for the Galeras variety in Granada (Cundinamarca).Ítem Temperature effect on rose downy mildew development under environmental controlled conditions(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Filgueira D., Juan José; Zambrano, AngélicaThe rose downy mildew disease, caused by Peronospora sparsa Berkeley, is one of the most important that affect rose crops in Colombia. To manage this disease, flower growers must deal with high-costs due to the excessive application of fungicides, but without good results. Studies on P. sparsa behavior have shown its narrow relationship with environmental conditions. In this study, the temperature effect was evaluated during the infection and sporulation of P. sparsa in Charlotte leaflets, a susceptible commercial variety, through an environmental controlled conditions system. Infection and sporulation were observed at different temperatures in a range of from 4 to 40°C. Infection with the absence of or very low sporulation was observed at 4°C. The most favorable pathogen responses were between 15 and 18°C in terms of inoculum concentration and sporulation percentage. There was no infection or leaflet change above 35°C. According to the results, sporulation can occur from 4 to 33°C, confirming the fact that P. sparsa is able to reproduce throughout a wide temperature range.Ítem Tree-ring growth and hydro-climatic variability in temperate dendrochronologies of northern mexico(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Návar, José; Lizárraga-Mendiola, LilianaThis report addresses the following questions: a) is the diameter growth described by the standard ring width anomaly (SRWA) of Psudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco trees related to precipitation (P), pan evaporation (E), evapotranspiration (Et), runoff (Q), and soil moisture content (θ) derived from a water balance model?; b) is the SRWA associated with synoptic climate events such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)?, and c) are P, Et and θ related to ENSO, PDO and AMO events? The SRWA for three dendrochronologies (Las Bayas and Banderas in Durango and El Gato in Zacatecas) from 1665 to 2001 addressed these questions. Instrumental measurements of P and E (1947-2007) and, using parameterized sub-models for the rainfall interception of Gash model (I) and Et, a mass balance approach evaluated Q and θ for a forest site near El Salto, Durango, Mexico. SRWA oscillations of several timescales had spectral peaks every 2-3; 3-7; and 9-12 years. The ENSO indices explained most of the total SRWA variation for all three chronologies (1990-2001). For the short (1990-2001) and middle-term (1945-2001) seasonal data, the SRWA variability was only linked to θ. The strength of the relationship weakened as the length of the time series increased, indicating that other variables control tree growth as well. The ENSO takes, on average, 4 to 8 months to display its effect on the hydrological variables and diameter growth in northern P. mensiezii trees of Mexico, making tree growth predictable.Ítem Critical reflections on the new rurality and the rural territorial development approaches in latin america(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Ramírez-Miranda, CésarThis paper presents a critical approach to the New Rurality and the Rural Territorial Development (RTD) perspectives, which nowadays are hegemonic for governmental organizations and Latin American academies. RTD’s core requirements, which are functional for neoliberal policies resulting in the loss of food sovereignty, the globalization of agribusinesses, and migration as a consequence of peasant agricultural weakening, were critically reviewed on the basis of the principal challenges faced by Latin American rural areas. In light of the above consequences, it is thought that changes in such areas are based on neoliberal rurality rather than on the purported New Rurality. By stressing the need for a global historical view that reintroduces the Latin American critical thinking tradition, the urgency for public policies that stop neoliberal prescriptions and seek to strengthen peasant and indigenous agriculture in order to encourage rural development based on food sovereignty, democracy, equity and sustainability were established.Ítem A checklist of the ants (hymenoptera: formicidae) of the department of antioquia, colombia and new records for the country(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2013) Serna, Francisco; Vergara Navarro, Erika ValentinaAntioquia is a state (department) of Colombia, located in thenorthwestern Andes of South America. Geologically, the northwesternregion of the Western Range in Antioquia and Chocóincludes the fault resulting from the connection between theIsthmus of Panamá and South America. The Occidental andCentral cordilleras in Colombia are characterized by a numberof reliefs, valleys and water basins, containing historicalbiological refuges and endemisms. In this study, we presentthe first species-level checklist of the 255 species (in 64 generaand 14 subfamilies) of ants currently known in Antioquia. Onehundred and fifty-two (152) species had previously been registeredfor the state in different publications. Here, 103 additionalspecies are recognized. Most of these species are distributed inother bioregions of the country as well. Forty-six percent arepresent in the Amazon Province and 36% in the ColombianOrinoco River basin. Less than 3% are found in the arid landsof the Colombian Caribbean area, Guyana, and the ColombianPacific Province, plus the Caribbean islands. Sixty-three percentof the species are shared with Costa Rica. Our checklist constitutesthe largest roster of ants at the species level for a state inColombia to date and constitutes the beginning of the assessmentof ant diversity in Antioquia. Many more field trips arenecessary to gain a better understanding of the ant compositionof this state. The following 13 species are new to the records forColombia: Azteca diabolica, Camponotus amoris, C. eurynotus,C. pachylepis, C. propinquus, C. tonduzi, Cerapachys toltecus,Cylindromyrmex whymperi, Myrmicocrypta urichi, Pheidoleangulifera, Pseudomyrmex lisus, Solenopsis subterranea andTrachymyrmex zeteki.Ítem Sorption isotherms for oat flakes (avena sativa)(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Zapata M., José Edgar; Quintero C., Oscar Albeiro; Porras B., Luis DaniloMoisture sorption isotherms of oat flakes were determined at temperatures of 5, 25 and 37ºC, using a gravimetric technique in an aw range of between 0.107 and 0.855. These curves were modeled using six equations commonly applied in food. The quality of the fit was assessed with the regression coefficient (r2) and the mean relative percentage error (MRPE). The best fit were obtained with the Caurie model with r2 of 0.996, 0.901 and 0.870, and MRPE of 7.190, 17.878 and 16.206, at 5, 25 and 37ºC, respectively. The equilibrium moisture presented a dependence on temperature in the studied aw range, as did the security moisture (XS). These results suggest that the recommended storage conditions of oat flakes include: a relative air humidity of 50% between 5 and 251ºC and of 38% up to 37ºC.Ítem Comparison of dna extraction methods for detection of citrus huanglongbing in colombia(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Angel, Jorge Evelio; Hernández, Erick Geovanni; Herrera, Néstor Andrés; Gómez, Linda Yhiset; Castro, Ángela Patricia; Sepúlveda, Adriana Milena; Ebratt, Everth EmilioFour DNA citrus plant tissue extraction protocols and three methods of DNA extraction from vector psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) were compared as part of the validation process and standardization for detection of huanglongbing (HLB). The comparison was done using several criterias such as integrity, purity and concentration. The best quality parameters presented in terms of extraction of DNA from plant midribs tissue of citrus, were cited by Murray and Thompson (1980) and Rodríguez et al. (2010), while for the DNA extraction from psyllid vectors of HLB, the best extraction method was suggested by Manjunath et al. (2008).Ítem Proposal for a strategic management plan for experimental agricultural and academic farm “el cairo” of arauca(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Nieves, Elías; Bermudez, Lilia Teresa; Rodríguez, Luis FelipeThis paper presents a design for a strategic management plan for the Experimental Agricultural and Academic Farm: El Cairo of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Orinoquia branch. A non-experimental methodological design was used, from which a situational analysis of the farm was generated, which was used as a basis to formulate and design a Strategic Management plan for a five-year period. It was concluded that the current organization and management plan does not meet the mission objectives of research, teaching, and continuing education, suggesting a need for the articulation of the farm with the administrative and academic structure of the university in carrying out the strategic management plan derived from the current research.Ítem Reappraising the multiple functions of traditional agriculture within the context of building rural development investigative skills(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Rivas G., Álvaro; Quintero V., HeimarThe productivist and reductionist vision of industrial agriculture in the twentieth century prevented the analysis of the other multiple functions of traditional agriculture, such as those corresponding to the ecological and cultural dimensions. In the current rural crisis, which entails food insecurity, environmental uncertainties, deterioration of the social fabric, a context lacking rural educational (extension) proposals and impaired quality of life, to name a few, it is necessary to reassess traditional agriculture in order to generate strategies that are capable of providing strategic answers to the problems in question. The current multifunctional agriculture (MFA) paradigm allows agricultural research in different world regions, addressing comprehensive economic aspects, protection of commons, actor-centered focus and public policy formulation. This article presents the current modern research contributions that, in the framework of the project: Rural Societies, Economy and Natural Resources integrating rural development skills, (Sociedades Rurales Economia y Recursos Naturales integrando competencias para el desarrollo rural - SERI DAR , which is part of the Alpha III program of the European Commission) and reveals and reappraises other functions of traditional agriculture that warrant investigation. In this way, the Universidad Nacional de Colombia contributes to the development of appropriate research skills by integrating post-graduate students in transdisciplinary research with local knowledge networks. We hypothesized that farmer adaptations contain practical and technical strategic guidance for the protection of common goods (soil, biodiversity, water, etc.) and the strengthening of the social fabric (knowledge and culture). With the reappraisal of the multiple functions of traditional agriculture and their upgrading in the context of post-industrial cultures, it is possible to build strategies that are capable of responding to the uncertainties produced by the global markets of food, land and technology, the reductionist knowledge systems and the environment.Ítem Determination of an efficient irrigation schedule for the cultivation of rose cv. freedom under greenhouse conditions in colombia(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Arévalo, Jhon Jairo; Vélez S., Javier Enrique; Intrigliolo, Diego SebastianoAn experiment on rose (Rosa sp.) cv. Freedom was performed in a greenhouse on the Bogota Plateau, Colombia, to identify an efficient irrigation regime for this crop. The tested treatments were based on three irrigation doses, applying different fractions of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc), calculated using a class A evaporation tank: i) 100% ETc (ETc100), ii) 80% ETc (ETc80) and iii) 70% ETc (ETc70). During the entire experimental period, from mid-May to early September, the crop had a constant production of floral stems. In all of the irrigation treatments, the soil and plant water status were monitored using tensiometers and the midday stem water potential, respectively (Ψstem). In the fully irrigated roses, the actual water use was determined using a drainage lysimeter in order to obtain the local crop coefficients (Kc) by means of a water balance. From June to August, the obtained monthly Kc values varied between 1.10 and 1.26. Compared to the ETc100 treatment, 14.5 and 21.8% less water was applied in treatments ETc80 and ETc70, respectively. Despite this fact, no statistically significant differences were found among the treatments for rose production or quality. Finally, in the more irrigated roses, tight relationships between the stem water potential and vapor pressure deficit were obtained. The reported base-line equations can be used for predicting the optimum rose plant water status, depending on the environmental conditions. Overall, the reported results can be used for an efficient irritation schedule for rose crops under greenhouse conditions, using the local Kc and direct determinations of plant water status corrected for the evaporative demand.Ítem Editorial(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2013) Ligarreto Moreno, Gustavo AdolfoAgriculture is an essential human activity with a social function that shapes civilization; and is vital to the survival and well-being of humanity. This idea forms the cornerstone for the Facultad de Agronomía with its 50 years of pursuing the mission of preserving, assimilating, developing and sharing universal agronomic knowledge through its continuous research, teachings, continuing education and interactions with the global academic community and the national production sectors for the benefit of the university, society and the government. Thanks to the combined endeavor of many people, especially the joint efforts of teachers, students, graduates and administrators, the Facultad has graduated 3251 individuals in 55 classes since the creation of its Ingeniería Agronómica program in 1963 and has offered postgraduate programs since 1969, initially as master programs in conjunction with the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario ICA and, starting in 1983, through the Escuela de Posgrados. In 1995, the doctorate program was opened with a basis in high-level research. Furthermore, its journal Agronomía Colombiana has been sharing knowledge since 1983 and, in that time, has published 783 technical-scientific articles that were produced by the research of students and professors of the Departamento de Agronomía and by domestic and international entities.Ítem Physiological and morphological characterization of american oil palms (elaeis oleifera hbk cortes) and their hybrids (elaeis oleifera × elaeis guineensis) on the indupalma plantation(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2013) Rivera Mendez, Yurany Dayanna; Cayón S., Daniel Gerardo; López M., Jesús EdgardoThe morphological and photosynthetic activity were characterizedin six genotypes of American oil palm (E. oleifera) ofdifferent origins and three of their OxG hybrids (E. oleifera × E.guineensis) with a completely randomized experimental design,three replications and 16 palms per replication. Determinationswere made for: photosynthesis, internal CO2 concentration,chlorophyll content, stomatal openings and density, specific leafarea, and measurements of vegetative growth. The genotypeswere differentiated by growth rate, emission, area and dryweight of the leaves. The stomatal openings of all the genotypeswere maximum in the morning hours, with partial closures atmidday; therefore, the maximum rate of photosynthesis wasbetween 9:00 and 12:00 hr. The ‘Perú’ American oil palm and‘hybrid 2’ (Sinú-Coarí × La Mé) showed higher CO2 internalconcentrations, total chlorophyll contents, light saturationpoints and photosynthetic rates, even with low levels of photosyntheticallyactive radiation; characteristics that indicatea high capacity for the fixation of CO2. The photosyntheticrate showed a high positive correlation with the chlorophyllcontent and a negative correlation with the specific leaf area.In conclusion, the ‘Perú’ American oil palm showed relevantcharacteristics for use in breeding programs as female parentof OxG hybrids, while ‘hybrid 2’, due to its outstanding morphophysiologicalcharacteristics, is considered a genotype withgood agronomic performance.Ítem Evaluation of various conventional methods for sampling weeds in potato and spinach crops(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Jamaica, David; Plaza, GuidoThis study aimed to evaluate (at an exploratory level), some of the different conventional sampling designs in a section of a potato crop and in a commercial crop of spinach. Weeds were sampled in a 16 x 48 m section of a potato crop with a set grid of 192 sections. The cover and density of the weeds were registered in squares of from 0.25 to 64 m2. The results were used to create a database that allowed for the simulation of different sampling designs: variables and square size. A second sampling was carried out with these results in a spinach crop of 1.16 ha with a set grid of 6 x 6 m cells, evaluating the cover in 4 m2 squares. Another database was created with this information, which was used to simulate other sampling designs such as distribution and quantity of sampling squares. According to the obtained results, a good method for approximating the quantity of squares for diverse samples is 10-12 squares (4 m2) for richness per ha and 18 or more squares for abundance per hectare. This square size is optimal since it allows for a sampling of more area without losing sight of low-profile species, with the cover variable best representing the abundance of the weeds.Ítem Considerations on the research and dissemination of agricultural knowledge by the facultad de agronomía(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2013) Ligarreto Moreno, Gustavo AdolfoIn order to mark the 50-year-history of the Facultad de Agronomía of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, this article reviews the beginning of agronomy in Colombia, the creation of the Facultad de Agronomía, the development of the Escuela de Posgrados, and the launching of the journal Agronomia Colombiana; and analyzes the prioritization of research as a function of undergraduate thesis and theses from 1970 to 2012 and of the articles published in Agronomia Colombiana for 30 years. The fruits of its labor show that the Facultad strengthened the discipline of Crop protection in its first two decades with important advances in crops of flowers and cacao and went on to strengthen the fields of Crop physiology, Plant breeding, Soil and water, Economy and rural development, resulting in diversification to fruits, vegetables, the potato, flower species and perennial crops, showing how the Facultad's mission of teaching, research and continuing education has contributed to the development of the agricultural sector in Colombia.Ítem Near-infrared (nir) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the prediction of carbon and nitrogen in an oxisol(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2014-03-26) Camacho-Tamayo, Jesús H.; Rubiano S., Yolanda; Hurtado S., María del PilarThe characterization of soil properties through laboratory analysis is an essential part of the diagnosis of the potential use of lands and their fertility. Conventional chemical analyzes are expensive and time consuming, hampering the adoption of crop management technologies, such as precision agriculture. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the prediction of the carbon and nitrogen of Typic Hapludox. In the A and B horizons, 1,240 samples were collected in order to determine the total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) contents, obtain the NIR spectral curve, and build models using partial least squares regression. The use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and statistical techniques allowed for the quantification of the TC with adequate models of prediction based on a small number of samples, an residual prediction deviation RP D greater than 2.0, an R2 greater than 0.80 and a low root mean square error RMSE. For TN, models with a good level of prediction were not obtained. The results based on the NIR models were able to be integrated directly into the geostatistical evaluations, obtaining similar digital maps from the observed and predicted TC. The use of pedometric techniques showed promising results for these soils and constitutes a basis for the development of this area of research on soil science in Colombia.Ítem Variation in parameters related to growth in six genotypes of determinate shrub and indeterminate prostrated beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.)(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía, Centro Editorial, 2013) Ligarreto M., Gustavo Adolfo; Serralde, Ana Maria; Valbuena, Raul IvanA group of six common bean accessions of the Mesoamericanoand Andino genetic groups of the Colombia national germplasmbank at the Corporación Colombiana de InvestigaciónAgropecuaria (Corpoica) was evaluated using 41 quantitatives.The results revealed that five components explained 70.33% ofthe total variability of the six accessions and 13 variable wereselected that were essential for differentiating the variation,including: dry weight of primary leaves, dry weight of trifoliateleaves, pod dry weight, seed dry weight, number of leaves, leafarea ratio (LAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf temperature.Of the two groups of cultivars, the three Meso-Americanones were less efficient in the translocation of assimilates thanthe Andean ones because they had a higher number of leavesand, even with a high LAR, seen as the ratio of assimilationmaterial per unit of plant material, they did not present thehigher RGR values on average. Specifically, the Meso-Americancultivar Tolima 16, which presented a relatively high seed dryweight, and the Andean cultivars Mexico 497 and Antioquia19, which had a relatively low number of leaves, presented ahigh pod dry weight and so were highly efficient.