Metodología para el diseño de un convertidor DC-DC aplicado a aerogeneradores de baja potencia
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En este trabajo se propone una metodología de diseño de convertidores DC-DC y su control aplicado a aerogeneradores de baja potencia aislados de la red eléctrica. El diseño del convertidor se realiza teniendo en cuenta requerimientos de contenido armónico del generador sincrónico de imanes permanentes y de la carga eléctrica abastecida. Para comenzar con el diseño fue necesario realizar una revisión de la literatura, para identificar las metodologías usadas y los requerimientos de diseño. Como resultado de esta revisión se obtuvo la falencia de una metodología de diseño del convertidor y de su control. Para desarrollar la metodología de diseño del convertidor fue necesario modelar la turbina eólica de tres palas, el generador sincrónico de imanes permanentes y un rectificador trifásico de onda completa no controlado. Con la ayuda del modelo se realizó el diseño de un convertidor DC-DC. Los elementos del convertidor son diseñados para garantizar que los rizados de los voltajes de entrada y salida, y de la corriente del inductor no superen el 5% de los valores de estado estacionario. El control del voltaje de salida se realiza con un controlador proporcional-integral-derivativo y como criterios de diseño se seleccionan un amortiguamiento de 0,707 y una frecuencia de corte de 1/5 la frecuencia de conmutación del convertidor. El controlador diseñado regula el voltaje de salida frente a perturbaciones de la carga y cambios en la velocidad del viento. Como resultado final se obtiene una metodología para el diseño del convertidor DC-DC y su control aplicado a aerogeneradores de baja potencia.
Abstract : A method to design a Buck converter and its control, which are associated to a wind generation system that is feeding an isolated load, is presented in this work. The design of DC-DC converters and its control are performed considering harmonic content requirements of the permanent magnet synchronous generator and the electrical load. A literature review was made to identify the methodologies and the design requirements, as a result of this review, it was highlighted that there is not a design methodology of the converter and its control. To develop the converter design methodology, it was necessary to model a three-blade wind turbine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a three phase rectifier of full wave uncontrolled. The latter model was used to design a DC-DC converter. The converter elements are designed to guaranty that the ripple in the input and output voltages, and the inductor current do not exceed the 5% of the steady estate values. The output voltage control is performed with a proportional-integral-derivative strategy, as design criteria a damping of 0.707 and a cutoff frequency of 1/5 the switching frequency of the converter are selected. The controller regulates the output voltage versus load disturbances and changes in the wind speed. As end result, a methodology for designing a DC-DC converter and its control applied to low-power turbines is obtained
Abstract : A method to design a Buck converter and its control, which are associated to a wind generation system that is feeding an isolated load, is presented in this work. The design of DC-DC converters and its control are performed considering harmonic content requirements of the permanent magnet synchronous generator and the electrical load. A literature review was made to identify the methodologies and the design requirements, as a result of this review, it was highlighted that there is not a design methodology of the converter and its control. To develop the converter design methodology, it was necessary to model a three-blade wind turbine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a three phase rectifier of full wave uncontrolled. The latter model was used to design a DC-DC converter. The converter elements are designed to guaranty that the ripple in the input and output voltages, and the inductor current do not exceed the 5% of the steady estate values. The output voltage control is performed with a proportional-integral-derivative strategy, as design criteria a damping of 0.707 and a cutoff frequency of 1/5 the switching frequency of the converter are selected. The controller regulates the output voltage versus load disturbances and changes in the wind speed. As end result, a methodology for designing a DC-DC converter and its control applied to low-power turbines is obtained