Los pueblos indígenas aislados de la frontera brasil-perú: nuevas amenazas y desafíos para la garantía de sus derechos
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Nascimento, Hilton S.
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2011
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La frontera entre Brasil y Perú está habitada por la segunda mayor concentración de pueblos indígenas aislados del mundo, grupos sociales con alto grado de autonomía que evitan el contacto permanente con las sociedades de su entorno. A partir del año 2000 la región comenzó a ser centro de políticas orientadas a favorecer el acceso de sus recursos naturales (madera, petróleo y potencial hidroeléctrico) al mercado mundial y a construir obras de infraestructura que son parte del proyecto de integración regional Iirsa. Este artículo analiza esa situación, que amenaza la sobrevivencia de los pueblos indígenas aislados y ha comenzado a provocar procesos migratorios de algunos grupos del lado peruano hacia Brasil, llevando al reordenamiento de territorios indígenas en esa región fronteriza. Dichas migraciones han ocasionado situaciones tensas que pueden desencadenar conflictos entre pueblos aislados y contactados, lo que plantea la necesidad de una nueva estrategia por parte de las organizaciones brasileñas y peruanas, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, responsables de la protección y la garantía de sus derechos, y de una mayor integración entre estas organizaciones.
The Brazil-Peru border is inhabited by the second largest concentration of peoples in voluntary isolation of the world. These societies maintain a high degree of autonomy and avoid permanent contact with the surrounding societies. Since 2000, this region has been the target of policies aimed to favor the access to world markets (timber, oil, hydroelectric project), and the construction of infrastructure within the frame of the regional integration project IIRSA. This paper analyzes this situation, which threatens the survival of the isolated peoples who live in the region and has led to migratory processes of some of them from Peru into Brazil, and the reordering of the indigenous territories in this border region. These migrations often result in tense situations that can lead to conflicts between isolated and contacted groups. This calls for new strategies by the Brazilian and Peruvian organizations responsible for the protection and safeguarding of their rights, and for a greater integration between the institutions of both countries.
The Brazil-Peru border is inhabited by the second largest concentration of peoples in voluntary isolation of the world. These societies maintain a high degree of autonomy and avoid permanent contact with the surrounding societies. Since 2000, this region has been the target of policies aimed to favor the access to world markets (timber, oil, hydroelectric project), and the construction of infrastructure within the frame of the regional integration project IIRSA. This paper analyzes this situation, which threatens the survival of the isolated peoples who live in the region and has led to migratory processes of some of them from Peru into Brazil, and the reordering of the indigenous territories in this border region. These migrations often result in tense situations that can lead to conflicts between isolated and contacted groups. This calls for new strategies by the Brazilian and Peruvian organizations responsible for the protection and safeguarding of their rights, and for a greater integration between the institutions of both countries.