Aplicación de índices de calidad de agua - ica orientados al uso de la fuente para consumo humano
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Torres, Patricia
Cruz, Camilo H
Patiño, Paola
Escobar, Juan Carlos
Pérez, Andrea
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2010
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La contaminación de origen natural y antrópico de las fuentes de agua limitan su aprovechamiento principalmente para el consumo humano; herramientas de diagnóstico rápidas y representativas como los índices de calidad del agua —ICA— garantizan una evaluación integral del recurso, fundamental en la toma de acciones para manejo y control del riesgo sanitario a través de los diferentes procesos de potabilización. El análisis comparativo de la aplicación de los índices ICA-NSF, ICA Dinius, ICAUCA y UWQI en cinco puntos del río Cauca localizados en el tramo Salvajina – Bocatoma Puerto Mallarino mostró que el río presenta un deterioro creciente a medida que es afectado por las actividades socioeconómicas desarrolladas en su cuenca, presentando calidad entre regular y mala, haciendo necesario su tratamiento para la destinación del recurso en consumo humano, e incluso la incorporación de tratamientos específicos como la adsorción con carbón activado y otros. Las variables de mayor incidencia en el valor final de los ICA fueron los patógenos y las asociadas a presencia de material particulado; sin embargo, para una evaluación más integral del río, y dados los usos del suelo que pueden generar en la fuente presencia de otras sustancias causantes de riesgo sanitario, se recomienda considerar el desarrollo o adaptación de un índice con estructura similar a la del DQWI que tenga en cuenta la variación en el tiempo y en el espacio de los parámetros que lo conforman y su comparación con la normatividad vigente.
Naturally occurring and anthropic contamination of water sources limits the use of water for human consumption. Fast and representative tools, such as water quality indexes (WQI),allow performing an integral assessment of the resource, this being essential when making decisions about the management and control of sanitary risks through different purification processes. A comparative analysis of applying WQINSF,Dinius WQI, ICAUCA and UWQI indexes at five points or stations on the Cauca River located in the Salvajina–Puerto Mallarino water uptake section, gave evidence of growing river deterioration due to the different socio-economic activities carried out in the river basin. This water quality condition brings about the incorporation of additional or specific treatment operations such as activated carbon or adsorption for the destination of the resource for human consumption. The presence of pathogens and particulate material were the variables mostly affecting WQI value. It is thus recommended that the development or adaptation of an index having a similar structure to the DQWI index should be considered to make a thorough river assessment and the additional use of soil which might generate the presence of other substances causing a sanitary risk in the source, considering variation in time and space of the parameters comprising it and its comparison with current legislation.
Naturally occurring and anthropic contamination of water sources limits the use of water for human consumption. Fast and representative tools, such as water quality indexes (WQI),allow performing an integral assessment of the resource, this being essential when making decisions about the management and control of sanitary risks through different purification processes. A comparative analysis of applying WQINSF,Dinius WQI, ICAUCA and UWQI indexes at five points or stations on the Cauca River located in the Salvajina–Puerto Mallarino water uptake section, gave evidence of growing river deterioration due to the different socio-economic activities carried out in the river basin. This water quality condition brings about the incorporation of additional or specific treatment operations such as activated carbon or adsorption for the destination of the resource for human consumption. The presence of pathogens and particulate material were the variables mostly affecting WQI value. It is thus recommended that the development or adaptation of an index having a similar structure to the DQWI index should be considered to make a thorough river assessment and the additional use of soil which might generate the presence of other substances causing a sanitary risk in the source, considering variation in time and space of the parameters comprising it and its comparison with current legislation.