Relación entre descargas eléctricas atmosféricas a tierra y fallas en líneas de transmisión y distribución de energía - operador centrales eléctricas de Norte de Santander Colombia
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Jiménez Rodríguez, Sebastián Darío
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El presente es un trabajo investigativo que determina la diferencia de las tensiones inducidas en líneas de aéreas de distribución de energía que recorren terreno montañoso (no-plano), respecto a los valores obtenidos al asumir una típica aproximación de terreno plano. Esta tesis busca contribuir en el mejoramiento de los sistemas de protección contra rayos para los operadores de red en Colombia, considerando que los rayos por impactos directos o indirectos, son los causantes de cerca del 70% de las fallas que ocurren en los circuitos aéreos de distribución. Se realizan simulaciones de tramos de líneas en Norte de Santander considerando únicamente el trazado e incluyendo también transformadores y descargadores de sobretensión, concluyendo en la necesidad de considerar en las simulaciones de diseño características propias de cada circuito tales como trazado, topografía real de la zona, elementos de circuito y parámetros físicos del terreno como conductividad.
Abstract. This is a research project which determines the difference of the voltages induced in overhead distribution lines of energy that cross mountainous terrain (non-flat), compared to the values obtained when it's assuming a typical approach of flat terrain. This thesis aims to contribute to the improvement of lightning protection systems for network operators in Colombia, considering that the lightning are responsible for about 70% of faults that occur in distribution circuits caused by direct or indirect strokes. Initially the simulations consider only the paths of Norte de Santader distribution lines and then the transformers and surge arresters are included. At the end it's possible to conclude that is necessary to consider in the design simulations, the features of each circuit such as path, the real topography of the area, circuit elements and physical parameters such as conductivity of the ground.
Abstract. This is a research project which determines the difference of the voltages induced in overhead distribution lines of energy that cross mountainous terrain (non-flat), compared to the values obtained when it's assuming a typical approach of flat terrain. This thesis aims to contribute to the improvement of lightning protection systems for network operators in Colombia, considering that the lightning are responsible for about 70% of faults that occur in distribution circuits caused by direct or indirect strokes. Initially the simulations consider only the paths of Norte de Santader distribution lines and then the transformers and surge arresters are included. At the end it's possible to conclude that is necessary to consider in the design simulations, the features of each circuit such as path, the real topography of the area, circuit elements and physical parameters such as conductivity of the ground.