La medicina legal y el orden social, saber y práctica médico judicial en Colombia, 1850-1936
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Rojas Niño, Nelson Alberto
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Esta investigación analiza el proceso de transformación del saber y las prácticas de los médicos legistas en Colombia entre 1850 y 1936. En este período las controversias sobre la calidad de quienes hacían las veces de peritos en procesos judiciales y las consecuencias de sus dictámenes, se complejizó con la aparición de nuevas explicaciones sobre el comportamiento humano: la antropometría criminal y la criminología positivista. Como resultado, la medicina legal se institucionalizó y se consolidó como un campo científico importante para la administración de justicia. Por un lado porque legitimaba las condenas en los procesos criminales; pero por otro, justificó y permitió la puesta en marcha de proyectos que buscaban controlar y castigar a la población colombiana, considerada como incivilizada y peligrosamente inclinada al crimen.
Abstract. This research analyses the process of transformation in knowledge and practices of medical examiners (experts witnesses) in Colombia between 1850 and 1936. During this period the controversies towards the quality of those who served as experts in courts and the consequences of their reports become more complex with the emergence of new explanations on human behavior: criminal anthropometry and positivist criminology. As a result, forensic medicine was institutionalized and consolidated as an important scientific field for the administration of justice. One the one hand, it legitimized convictions in criminal or civil trials. On the other, justified and allowed projects that search control and punish the Colombian population, considered uncivilized and dangerously inclined to crime.
Abstract. This research analyses the process of transformation in knowledge and practices of medical examiners (experts witnesses) in Colombia between 1850 and 1936. During this period the controversies towards the quality of those who served as experts in courts and the consequences of their reports become more complex with the emergence of new explanations on human behavior: criminal anthropometry and positivist criminology. As a result, forensic medicine was institutionalized and consolidated as an important scientific field for the administration of justice. One the one hand, it legitimized convictions in criminal or civil trials. On the other, justified and allowed projects that search control and punish the Colombian population, considered uncivilized and dangerously inclined to crime.