Desarrollo de una prueba para evaluar habilidades adaptativas sociales para el contexto ocupacional, en personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo
Archivos
Autores
Delgado Martínez, Henry Armando
Director
Tipo de contenido
Trabajo de grado - Maestría
Idioma del documento
EspañolFecha de publicación
2017-03-13
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Documentos PDF
Resumen
Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue desarrollar una prueba referida a criterio para evaluar las habilidades adaptativas sociales para el contexto laboral, de adultos en que presentan Discapacidades Intelectuales o del Desarrollo (DID); con el propósito de responder a la carencia de herramientas de evaluación que contribuyan a determinar sus necesidades de educación para el trabajo y hacer seguimiento a los procesos de formación e inclusión laboral. Mediante paneles de expertos se propuso un modelo de evaluación de 5 dimensiones, medidas a través de un banco de 50 ítems con respuesta graduada en 3 niveles de adaptación. Se hizo aplicación piloto a 100 personas de Bogotá, Córdoba y Cauca entre los 16 y 40 años, con base en la cual se obtuvieron niveles de confiabilidad altos (Alpha de Cronbach ordinal 0,79), y una estructura factorial de 3 dimensiones, de la cual el primer factor sin rotar explica el 50% de la varianza. Luego de la calibración del banco, los 41 ítems conservados demuestran ajuste adecuado al Modelo de Crédito Parcial (Rasch), así como un bajo Error de medida (0,29) para estimar el nivel de habilidad presentado por la muestra. Se concluye que el constructo medido va más allá de los elementos comportamentales de la Conducta Adaptativa, mostrando mayor congruencia con el modelo de Inteligencia social de Greenspan, especialmente con la cognición social. Se requieren posteriores estudios para consolidar el análisis de la estructura factorial, estudiar 13 ítem que presentan aun comportamiento anómalo en el banco y estudiar la validez concurrente y predictiva del instrumento.
Abstract. The main goal of this study was to develop a criterion referenced test to assess the Adaptive Social Skills for the work context, in adults with mild Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD); in order to respond to the lack of assessment tools that determine their educational needs for work, as well as to follow up their occupational and inclusion processes. By means of expert’s panels, a five dimensions model was proposed to be measured through a 50 item bank, whose responses were graded in 3 adaptation levels. A pilot test was applied to 100 people between 16 and 40 years old, in Bogotá, Córdoba and Cauca, finding high reliability indexes ( 0,79), and a three factors polychoric solution, with the first factor explaining 50% of the variance. After calibrating the item bank, 41 items were kept, showing satisfactory goodness of fit to the Rasch Partial Credit Model, as well as a low Measurement error (0,29) to estimate the sample‘s social skills. It‘s concluded that the assessed construct goes beyond the behavioral aspects of Adaptive behavior, indicating higher congruence with Greenspan‘s Social Intelligence model. Further research is needed to consolidate the factor structure analysis, to study 13 items that still show abnormalities in the bank, and to assess the concurrent and predictive validity of the test.
Abstract. The main goal of this study was to develop a criterion referenced test to assess the Adaptive Social Skills for the work context, in adults with mild Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD); in order to respond to the lack of assessment tools that determine their educational needs for work, as well as to follow up their occupational and inclusion processes. By means of expert’s panels, a five dimensions model was proposed to be measured through a 50 item bank, whose responses were graded in 3 adaptation levels. A pilot test was applied to 100 people between 16 and 40 years old, in Bogotá, Córdoba and Cauca, finding high reliability indexes ( 0,79), and a three factors polychoric solution, with the first factor explaining 50% of the variance. After calibrating the item bank, 41 items were kept, showing satisfactory goodness of fit to the Rasch Partial Credit Model, as well as a low Measurement error (0,29) to estimate the sample‘s social skills. It‘s concluded that the assessed construct goes beyond the behavioral aspects of Adaptive behavior, indicating higher congruence with Greenspan‘s Social Intelligence model. Further research is needed to consolidate the factor structure analysis, to study 13 items that still show abnormalities in the bank, and to assess the concurrent and predictive validity of the test.