Estudio de aleaciones semiconductoras Cu (III-V) Se con posibles aplicaciones en celdas solares
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Autores
Montes Monsalve, Jorge Iván
Director
Morales Acevedo, José Arturo (Thesis advisor)
Tipo de contenido
Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
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EspañolFecha de publicación
2017
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El actual consumo energético junto con la economía social del mundo ha obligado a generar riquezas por medio de un desarrollo sostenible y ambientalmente más limpio, con el fin de suplir las necesidades que diariamente surgen. La generación de energía renovable podría alcanzar este objetivo a un bajo costo, con un menor gasto energético y un menor daño al medio ambiente, buscando una mezcla entre la tecnología y los fenómenos naturales que están al alcance del hombre. Consecuencia de éste, la generación de energía renovable, a partir de la producción de celdas solares, se han posicionado como una tecnología que permite explotar los recursos naturales sin alterar ni causar efectos colaterales en el medio ambiente. Para ello, el estudio sistemático de las variables involucradas en el crecimiento de las películas delgadas basadas en CuInSe2 y Cu (InN) Se2 permitió encontrar opciones hacía la fabricación óptima del material absorbente de una celda solar. Así, fue realizado un análisis comparativo a partir del método de obtención del material ternario a través de varias estrategias de depósito mediante la técnica de crecimiento pulverización catódica (magnetrón sputtering rf), variando principalmente la temperatura del depósito. A partir de los resultados obtenidos de la caracterización de las películas depositadas con base en el arreglo Vidrio/In/CuSe, se determinó la formación del semiconductor ternario (CuInSe2) pero con presencia de algunas fases secundarias. Un posterior tratamiento térmico se realizó con el fin de evitar la presencia de dichas fases en atmosfera de Ar, evidenciando de nuevo la formación del ternario pero sin evitar la presencia de fases secundarias. La segunda estrategia implementada permitió establecer que el substrato juega un papel preponderante en la formación de CuInSe2 si se usan blancos de CuSe e In pulverizándose simultáneamente (Co-Sputtering). La tercera estrategia para la obtención del ternario partiendo del depósito directo de CuInSe2 permitió lograr una estequiometria ideal y, además, dando lugar a determinar un cambio significativo en la estructura del material según la temperatura del substrato empleada. Así, se determinaron las condiciones de depósito ideales con el fin de obtener el material ternario estequiométrico y potencialmente aplicable a celdas solares. Finalmente se evaluó la posible integración del nitrógeno atómico en la estructura del ternario con el fin de ajustar la energía de la banda prohibida a valores ligeramente mayores.
Abstract: The current energy consumption together with the social economy of the world has forced to generate wealth by means of a sustainable and environmentally cleaner development, in order to supply the daily necessities. Renewable energy generation could achieve this goal at a low cost, with lower energy expenditure and less damage to the environment, searching a mix between technology and natural phenomena that are within reach of man. As a consequence of this, sources of renewable energy generation, from the production of solar cells, have been positioned as a technology that allows exploitation of natural resources without altering or causing collateral effects on the environment. The investigative methodology through the systematic study of the variables involved in the growth of the thin films allowed finding options for the optimal manufacture of the absorbent material of a solar cell. Thus, a comparative analysis was made from the method of obtaining the ternary material through several deposition strategies by magnetron sputtering rf, mainly varying the deposit temperature. From the results obtained by the characterization of the deposited films based on the Glass / In / CuSe arrangement, the formation of the ternary semiconductor (CuInSe2) was determined, but with the presence of some secondary phases. A subsequent heat treatment was carried out in order to avoid the presence of such phases in Ar atmosphere, again evidencing the formation of the ternary but without avoiding the presence of secondary phases. The next strategy implemented allowed to establish that the substrate plays a preponderant role in the formation of CuInSe2, if CuSe and In targets are used simultaneously (Co-Sputtering). The third strategy toward the formation of the ternary allowed to obtained with an ideal stoichiometry and, in addition, giving rise to a significant change in the structure of the material according to the substrate temperature used. Thus, ideal growth conditions were determined in order to obtain the stoichiometric ternary material and applicable like possible absorbent in solar cells. Finally, the possible integration of atomic nitrogen in the ternary structure was evaluated in order to adjust the bandgap energy to slightly higher energies
Abstract: The current energy consumption together with the social economy of the world has forced to generate wealth by means of a sustainable and environmentally cleaner development, in order to supply the daily necessities. Renewable energy generation could achieve this goal at a low cost, with lower energy expenditure and less damage to the environment, searching a mix between technology and natural phenomena that are within reach of man. As a consequence of this, sources of renewable energy generation, from the production of solar cells, have been positioned as a technology that allows exploitation of natural resources without altering or causing collateral effects on the environment. The investigative methodology through the systematic study of the variables involved in the growth of the thin films allowed finding options for the optimal manufacture of the absorbent material of a solar cell. Thus, a comparative analysis was made from the method of obtaining the ternary material through several deposition strategies by magnetron sputtering rf, mainly varying the deposit temperature. From the results obtained by the characterization of the deposited films based on the Glass / In / CuSe arrangement, the formation of the ternary semiconductor (CuInSe2) was determined, but with the presence of some secondary phases. A subsequent heat treatment was carried out in order to avoid the presence of such phases in Ar atmosphere, again evidencing the formation of the ternary but without avoiding the presence of secondary phases. The next strategy implemented allowed to establish that the substrate plays a preponderant role in the formation of CuInSe2, if CuSe and In targets are used simultaneously (Co-Sputtering). The third strategy toward the formation of the ternary allowed to obtained with an ideal stoichiometry and, in addition, giving rise to a significant change in the structure of the material according to the substrate temperature used. Thus, ideal growth conditions were determined in order to obtain the stoichiometric ternary material and applicable like possible absorbent in solar cells. Finally, the possible integration of atomic nitrogen in the ternary structure was evaluated in order to adjust the bandgap energy to slightly higher energies