Condiciones de salud y trabajo de los profesionales de Enfermería en América del Sur (Revisión integrativa)
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Pérez Claros, Leidy Liceth
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Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de salud y trabajo de los profesionales de enfermería en América del Sur. Métodos: Estudio de alcance descriptivo y retrospectivo, la metodología empleada correspondió a una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Resultados: La muestra de análisis estuvo compuesta por 53 publicaciones indexadas en las seis bases de datos seleccionadas. El periodo de publicación abarcó desde el año 2002 al 2016, se identificó que hubo un predominio de investigaciones realizadas en Brasil seguido por Colombia, los autores principales fueron, en su mayoría profesionales de enfermería representando el 87 %, por otra parte el principal abordaje de las publicaciones fue el cuantitativo, y el nivel de evidencia más frecuente fue 6 de acuerdo con la escala establecida en el instrumento de recolección de datos. Conclusiones: Las condiciones laborales a las que se encuentran expuestos los profesionales de enfermería en América del Sur, se muestran impregnadas por políticas neoliberales que han establecido un modelo que impera actualmente y define características precarias y flexibles en los lugares de trabajo, las cuales cada vez son más complejas y afectan de forma negativa las condiciones de salud.
Abstract. Objective: To synthesize the state of scientific knowledge about the health and work conditions of nursing professionals in South America. Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study, the methodology used corresponded to an integrative review of the literature. Results: The analysis sample consisted of 53 publications indexed in the six selected databases. The period of publication ranged from 2002 to 2016, it was identified that there was a predominance of research conducted in Brazil followed by Colombia, the main authors were, mostly nursing professionals representing 87%, on the other hand, the main approach of the publications were quantitative, and the most frequent level of evidence was 6 according to the scale established in the data collection instrument. Conclusion: The working conditions, to which the nursing professionals in South America are exposed, are influenced by neoliberal policies that have established a model that currently prevails and defines precarious and flexible characteristics in the workplaces, which each time they are more complex and negatively affect health conditions.
Abstract. Objective: To synthesize the state of scientific knowledge about the health and work conditions of nursing professionals in South America. Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study, the methodology used corresponded to an integrative review of the literature. Results: The analysis sample consisted of 53 publications indexed in the six selected databases. The period of publication ranged from 2002 to 2016, it was identified that there was a predominance of research conducted in Brazil followed by Colombia, the main authors were, mostly nursing professionals representing 87%, on the other hand, the main approach of the publications were quantitative, and the most frequent level of evidence was 6 according to the scale established in the data collection instrument. Conclusion: The working conditions, to which the nursing professionals in South America are exposed, are influenced by neoliberal policies that have established a model that currently prevails and defines precarious and flexible characteristics in the workplaces, which each time they are more complex and negatively affect health conditions.