Evaluación de diferentes estrategias de control de Meloidogyne sp. en cultivos de interés agronómico
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Fernández Calle, Erika Pamela
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Trabajo de grado - Maestría
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EspañolFecha de publicación
2018-02-12
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Meloidogyne incognita es un nematodo capaz de afectar cultivos de importancia agronómica, entre los que se encuentran tomate y Sacha inchi. El control de este nematodo tiene importancia debido a que ocasiona pérdidas importantes en estos cultivos. Es por esto que la evaluación de diferentes estrategias de control se hace necesaria, para lo cual el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la efectividad de diferentes productos nematicidas registrados y extractos bacterianos en el control de M. incognita in vitro e in vivo. Los nematicidas Rugby®, Verango®, Safersoil®, Safelomyces®, QL Agri® y Sincocin® tuvieron efecto en la disminución de la eclosión de huevos y movilidad de juveniles J2 de M. incognita a nivel in vitro, así como los sobrenadantes libres de células (SLC) de 9 especies de Bacillus evaluadas, con porcentajes de reducción por encima del 60%. De estos, B. pumilus EA-CB0070, B. amyloliquefaciens EA-CB1329 y PaeniBacillus sp. EA-CB0305, tuvieron en promedio reducciones en las nodulaciones en tomate del 90%, seguidos de los tratamientos con B. gibsonii EA-CB0579, B. subtilis EA-CB0015 y B. subtilis EA-CB0575 donde se encontraron en promedio un 62% menos de nodulaciones. La actividad nematicida de los SLC de estas últimas tres cepas, permaneció estable a cambios de temperatura (50 – 100 °C), acción enzimática (proteinasa K) y a tratamiento a pH 2, caso contrario al ser tratados a pH 10, en donde la actividad nematicida disminuyó para los SLC de las cepas B. subtilis EA-CB0015 y B. pumilus EA-CB0070, aunque no para B. gibsonii EA-CB0579. Adicionalmente, se separaron mediante RP-HPLC los lipopéptidos iturinas, fengicinas y surfactinas producidas por la cepa B. subtilis EA-CB0015. Estos se evaluaron de forma individual frente a la eclosión de huevos de M. incognita y todos tuvieron efecto en la disminución de la eclosión de este estadio. Estos resultados permiten aportar información en el control de este nematodo fitopatógeno mediante diferentes estrategias, así como los posibles metabolitos contra M. incognita producidos por B. subtilis.
Abstract: Meloidogyne incognita is a nematode that infect many crops of agronomic importance, including tomato and Sacha inchi. Controlling this nematode is highly relevant because it causes important crop loses, and therefore evaluating different control strategies are needed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different nematicidal products and bacterial extracts in the control of M. incognita in vitro and in vivo. Nematicides Rugby®, Verango®, Safersoil®, Safelomyces®, QL Agri® and Sincocin® had effect on the decrease in hatching of eggs and movility of J2 juveniles of M. incognita, as well as cell free supernatants (CFS) of 9 species of Bacillus evaluated, with percentage of inhibition above 60%. From these bacteria, B. pumilus EA-CB0070, B. amyloliquefaciens EA-CB1329 and PaeniBacillus sp. EA-CB0305, had reductions on nodulations in tomato on average by 90%, followed by the treatments with B. gibsonii EA-CB0579, B. subtilis EA-CB0015 and B. subtilis EA-CB0575, with 62% less nodulations. The nematicidal activity for the last three CFS, was retained during exposure to temperature changes (50 – 100 °C), enzymatic activity (proteinase K) and pH 2 treatment, opposite results were found in pH 10 treatment, were nematicidal activity decreased for strains B. subtilis EA-CB0015 y B. pumilus EA-CB0070. Additionally, were separated lipopeptides fengycins, iturins and surfactins by RP-HPLC produced by B. subtilis EA-CB0015. Those lipopeptides were evaluated individually and all suppressed hatching of eggs. All the results allow contribute information about the control of this phytopathogen nematode by means of different strategies, as well as possible metabolites produced by B. subtilis involved against M. incognita.
Abstract: Meloidogyne incognita is a nematode that infect many crops of agronomic importance, including tomato and Sacha inchi. Controlling this nematode is highly relevant because it causes important crop loses, and therefore evaluating different control strategies are needed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different nematicidal products and bacterial extracts in the control of M. incognita in vitro and in vivo. Nematicides Rugby®, Verango®, Safersoil®, Safelomyces®, QL Agri® and Sincocin® had effect on the decrease in hatching of eggs and movility of J2 juveniles of M. incognita, as well as cell free supernatants (CFS) of 9 species of Bacillus evaluated, with percentage of inhibition above 60%. From these bacteria, B. pumilus EA-CB0070, B. amyloliquefaciens EA-CB1329 and PaeniBacillus sp. EA-CB0305, had reductions on nodulations in tomato on average by 90%, followed by the treatments with B. gibsonii EA-CB0579, B. subtilis EA-CB0015 and B. subtilis EA-CB0575, with 62% less nodulations. The nematicidal activity for the last three CFS, was retained during exposure to temperature changes (50 – 100 °C), enzymatic activity (proteinase K) and pH 2 treatment, opposite results were found in pH 10 treatment, were nematicidal activity decreased for strains B. subtilis EA-CB0015 y B. pumilus EA-CB0070. Additionally, were separated lipopeptides fengycins, iturins and surfactins by RP-HPLC produced by B. subtilis EA-CB0015. Those lipopeptides were evaluated individually and all suppressed hatching of eggs. All the results allow contribute information about the control of this phytopathogen nematode by means of different strategies, as well as possible metabolites produced by B. subtilis involved against M. incognita.