Modelo de carga electrónica en sistemas de distribución para el análisis de estabilidad en sistemas de energía eléctrica
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González Vélez, Juan Camilo
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Una de las tareas más importantes para la planeación, programación y coordinación de los sistemas de energía eléctrica es su simulación dinámica. Al realizar el análisis de los resultados de las simulaciones, se puede evaluar el comportamiento transitorio del sistema bajo ciertas condiciones de operación, como la salida de una línea de transmisión o de un generador. El comportamiento dinámico de la carga es de particular interés debido a su impacto en la frecuencia y el voltaje de los sistemas durante los eventos, especialmente dada la reciente alta penetración de las fuentes de energía renovables. Varios modelos dinámicos se pueden encontrar en la literatura, como el modelo exponencial, los modelos polinomiales, los modelos compuestos, entre otros. Sin embargo, estos modelos compuestos no consideran las diversas dinámicas electrónicas presentes en los sistemas de distribución, considerando a las mismas como cargas de potencia constante. En este trabajo, se propone un nuevo modelo de carga compuesto para la representación de sistemas de distribución en análisis de estabilidad de sistemas de potencia en el cual se incluyen dinámicas de elementos electrónicos como luminarias LED, baterías, motores con reguladores de velocidad electrónicos y recursos energéticos distribuidos. Este modelo se implementa en DigSilent PowerFactory y se integra al sistema IEEE de 14 barras para comparar su comportamiento ante eventos de frecuencia y tensión con la respuesta de una carga de potencia constante. Los resultados demuestran el impacto que tienen los sistemas electrónicos en la respuesta del sistema y ratifican la necesidad de modelar con mayor detalle los sistemas electrónicos de los sistemas de distribución.
Abstract: One of the most important analyzes for the planning, programming and coordination of electric power systems is their dynamic simulation. By performing this analysis, the transient behavior of the system can be evaluated under certain operating conditions, such as the outage of a transmission line or the trip of a generator. The dynamic behavior of the load is of particular interest due to its impact on the dynamics of the frequency and the voltage of the system during events, especially given the recent high penetration of renewable energy sources. Several dynamic models can be found in the literature, such as the exponential model, polynomial models, composite models, among others. However, these composite models do not consider the various electronic dynamics found at distribution level, considering them as constant power loads instead. In this document, a new composite load model which includes the dynamics of electronic elements such as LED luminaires, batteries, and motors with electronic speed controllers and energy resources is proposed for the representation of distribution systems in power system stability studies. This model is implemented in DigSilent PowerFactory and integrated into the IEEE 14 bus system to compare its behavior against the dynamic response of a constant power load during voltage and frequency events. The results demonstrate the impact that electronic systems have on the response of the system and ratifies the need to model the electronic components of distribution systems in greater detail.
Abstract: One of the most important analyzes for the planning, programming and coordination of electric power systems is their dynamic simulation. By performing this analysis, the transient behavior of the system can be evaluated under certain operating conditions, such as the outage of a transmission line or the trip of a generator. The dynamic behavior of the load is of particular interest due to its impact on the dynamics of the frequency and the voltage of the system during events, especially given the recent high penetration of renewable energy sources. Several dynamic models can be found in the literature, such as the exponential model, polynomial models, composite models, among others. However, these composite models do not consider the various electronic dynamics found at distribution level, considering them as constant power loads instead. In this document, a new composite load model which includes the dynamics of electronic elements such as LED luminaires, batteries, and motors with electronic speed controllers and energy resources is proposed for the representation of distribution systems in power system stability studies. This model is implemented in DigSilent PowerFactory and integrated into the IEEE 14 bus system to compare its behavior against the dynamic response of a constant power load during voltage and frequency events. The results demonstrate the impact that electronic systems have on the response of the system and ratifies the need to model the electronic components of distribution systems in greater detail.