Climatological Atmosphere-Ocean response to a tropical cyclone passage and the role of turbulent heat fluxes.
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Abstract
The intense interaction between the ocean and atmosphere during transient and extreme events, such as tropical cyclones, leads to a constant exchange of momentum, energy, and mass, modifying upper ocean dynamics. The continuous interaction between tropical cyclones and the ocean generates negative feedback, mainly characterized by a clear pool of cold water after the tropical cyclone's passage. This, in turn, can modify the tropical cyclone's intensity and trajectory, depending on its characteristics, the ocean background state, and surface energy fluxes. Moreover, the upper ocean response has been strongly linked to global climate dynamics. Evidence shows that restoring ocean temperature to pre-storm conditions requires energy that constitutes a significant amount of the total ocean poleward heat transport.
The typical approach is to describe the evolution of the cold wake along the track of a single tropical cyclone using various sources of information. It was previously thought that the magnitude of the cold wake was directly proportional to the intensity and translation speed of the tropical cyclone; stronger and slower hurricanes produced greater cold anomalies, while weaker and faster hurricanes produced fewer. However, recent research has demonstrated that the background state of the ocean also has a significant role in modulating the upper ocean's response, including the magnitude of the cold anomalies at the surface and the energy required to restore its temperature to the pre-strom conditions.
This research aims are i) to identify the long-term association between TC characteristics, the background state of oceanic conditions, surface energy fluxes, and tropical cyclone cold wake (TCCW) in an attempt to diagnose, using different sources of data, the formation of a TCCW as a result of to a TC passage, in all oceanic basins. ii) to quantify the total energy (OHU) needed to restore the ocean temperature to its pre-storm conditions, identifying the effect of the TC parameters and background state of the ocean on the OHU magnitude and the maximum mixing depth.
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