Estudio genómico del aerobioma y del virus SARS-CoV-2 en la ciudad de Medellín

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dc.contributor.advisorHernández Ortiz, Juan Pablo
dc.contributor.authorVillegas Velásquez, Simón
dc.contributor.orcidVillegas Velásquez, Simón [0000000223019754]
dc.contributor.orcidHernandez-Ortiz, Juan [0000000304049947]
dc.contributor.researchgroupCrs-Tid Center for Research and Surveillance of Tropical and Infectious Diseases
dc.coverage.regionValle del Aburra
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-16T21:10:50Z
dc.date.available2026-02-16T21:10:50Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionIlustraciones
dc.description.abstractLa mala calidad del aire en Medellín y la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19 representaron retos de salud pública importantes para la región. Este estudio analizó la diversidad del aerobioma asociado al PM2.5 en Medellín y la evolución del SARS-CoV-2 en Antioquia como elementos de un sistema de vigilancia genómica, buscando comprender sus implicaciones en la salud pública. Se caracterizó la comunidad de microorganismos asociados al PM2.5 mediante secuenciación del gen 16S-rARN usando tecnología Oxford Nanopore, identificando la presencia de patógenos oportunistas como Exiguobacterium, Leuconostoc, Weissella y Chryseobacterium. Se evidenció que la contaminación por PM2.5 afectó la estabilidad de las interacciones microbianas, mientras que la radiación solar y el aire proveniente de zonas urbanas aumentó la presencia de microorganismos potencialmente patogénicos. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de integrar el análisis del aerobioma en los estudios de calidad del aire. Por otro lado, se caracterizó la evolución genómica del SARS-CoV-2 en Antioquia mediante modelos filodinámicos y de selección natural. La variante Mu presentó altos niveles de diversidad genética e impactó en la incidencia y mortalidad. Se hallaron mutaciones clave que favorecieron la infectividad y evasión a respuesta inmune. Estos estudios evidencian la importancia de integrar análisis metagenómicos y genómicos en los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica y ambiental como herramientas para futuras emergencias sanitarias. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractPoor air quality in Medellín and the COVID-19 health emergency posed significant public health challenges in the region. This study analyzed the diversity of the aerobiome associated with PM2.5 in Medellín and the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Antioquia as components of a genomic surveillance system, aiming to understand their implications for public health. The microbial community associated with PM2.5 was characterized through 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Oxford Nanopore technology, identifying the presence of opportunistic pathogens such as Exiguobacterium, Leuconostoc, Weissella, and Chryseobacterium. It was found that PM2.5 pollution affected the stability of microbial interactions, while solar radiation and air from urban areas increased the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. These findings highlight the need to integrate aerobiome analysis into air quality studies. Additionally, the genomic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Antioquia was characterized using phylodynamic and natural selection models. The Mu variant exhibited high levels of genetic diversity and had a significant impact on incidence and mortality. Key mutations were identified that enhanced infectivity and immune evasion. These studies underscore the importance of incorporating metagenomic and genomic analyses into epidemiological and environmental surveillance systems as essential tools for future health emergencies.eng
dc.description.curricularareaBiotecnología.Sede Medellín
dc.description.degreelevelDoctorado
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Biotecnología
dc.description.researchareaÚnica Salud: Salud Animal, Humana y del Medio Ambiente
dc.format.extent1 recurso en línea (247 páginas)
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89571
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias - Doctorado en Biotecnología
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química
dc.subject.lembSindrome respiratorio agudo grave
dc.subject.lembContaminación del aire
dc.subject.lembGenomas virales
dc.subject.lembSalud pública
dc.subject.proposalAerobiomaspa
dc.subject.proposalAerobiomeeng
dc.subject.proposal16S-rARN
dc.subject.proposalPM2.5
dc.subject.proposalSARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.proposalEvolución viralspa
dc.subject.proposalViral evolutioneng
dc.subject.proposalSelección naturalspa
dc.subject.proposalNatural selectioneng
dc.subject.proposalVigilancia genómicaspa
dc.subject.proposalGenomic surveillanceeng
dc.subject.proposalVirus SARS-CoV-2spa
dc.titleEstudio genómico del aerobioma y del virus SARS-CoV-2 en la ciudad de Medellínspa
dc.title.translatedGenomic study of the aerobiome and SARS-CoV-2 virus in the city of Medellíneng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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Doctorado en Biotecnología