Una contribución a la comprensión de las motivaciones del emprendedor y su conexión con el emprendimiento MIPES del Valle de Aburrá
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Marulanda Valencia, Flor Angela
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Resumen: Con el propósito general de destacar el valor del individuo en el proceso emprendedor, con especial énfasis en las motivaciones que le llevan a convertirse en tal, se analizaron los principales planteamientos teóricos en esta materia. Con este soporte más la realización de un estudio exploratorio, se pudo establecer una estructura de las motivaciones basada en seis dimensiones, lo cual se utilizó en el diseño de un formulario con escala tipo Likert, para medir las razones que llevaron a los emprendedores pertenecientes al programa MIPES del SENA a crear y gestionar sus empresas. Como resultado, se encontró que los factores como cumplir un sueño, crecimiento personal, alcanzar nuevos retos y la necesidad de independencia y autonomía fueron los más importantes para tomar su decisión, alcanzando una participación superior al 90%. Mientras que los aspectos económicos, así como los del entorno, particularmente, la imagen, la influencia de familia y amigos, la financiación externa y los programas de fomento fueron menos importantes. Sobre éstos últimos se halló que son más relevantes cuando la empresa se encuentra en marcha porque contribuyen a su consolidación a través de redes de contactos y capacitación del emprendedor. Se constatan así los desarrollos teóricos que ubican a los motivadores personales como los más importantes en el proceso de creación de empresa, a la vez que se objetan los que dan preponderancia a los aspectos económicos. Como contribución a la teoría sobre las motivaciones, entre otros, se propone romper el paradigma de la clasificación tradicional entre emprendimiento por necesidad y emprendimiento de oportunidad
Abstract: In order to highlight the value of individuals in the entrepreneurial process, with emphasis in the motivations that lead them to become entrepreneurs, the main theoretical approaches in these topics were analyzed. With this support and an exploratory study, it was possible to establish an entrepreneurship motivation structure, which was based in six dimensions. A survey was designed using Likert scale to interview Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) sponsored by the Colombian National Learning Service (Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje – SENA). The questionnaire was designed to determine the reasons of entrepreneurs for creating and managing their own enterprises. As a result, factors such as fulfilling a dream, personal growth, overcoming new challenges, need for independence and autonomy, were the more relevant to make that decision, reach a participation above 90%. Meanwhile, economic and environmental aspects such as influence of family and friends, external financing and promotion programs, were less important. About the latest aspects it was found that they are more significant when the company is operating, because they contribute to its consolidation through networking, and training in management areas. Theoretical developments that set personal motivations as the main ones in the entrepreneurial process were confirmed, at the same time its findings controvert those studies that give preponderance to economic aspects as the main motivators. As a contribution to motivation theory, among others, it is proposed to break the paradigm of traditional classification between necessity entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship
Abstract: In order to highlight the value of individuals in the entrepreneurial process, with emphasis in the motivations that lead them to become entrepreneurs, the main theoretical approaches in these topics were analyzed. With this support and an exploratory study, it was possible to establish an entrepreneurship motivation structure, which was based in six dimensions. A survey was designed using Likert scale to interview Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) sponsored by the Colombian National Learning Service (Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje – SENA). The questionnaire was designed to determine the reasons of entrepreneurs for creating and managing their own enterprises. As a result, factors such as fulfilling a dream, personal growth, overcoming new challenges, need for independence and autonomy, were the more relevant to make that decision, reach a participation above 90%. Meanwhile, economic and environmental aspects such as influence of family and friends, external financing and promotion programs, were less important. About the latest aspects it was found that they are more significant when the company is operating, because they contribute to its consolidation through networking, and training in management areas. Theoretical developments that set personal motivations as the main ones in the entrepreneurial process were confirmed, at the same time its findings controvert those studies that give preponderance to economic aspects as the main motivators. As a contribution to motivation theory, among others, it is proposed to break the paradigm of traditional classification between necessity entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship