Extracción asistida por microondas de compuestos fenólicos de los subproductos del beneficio del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

dc.contributor.advisorGutiérrez Álvarez, Luis Felipe
dc.contributor.advisorNarváez Cuenca, Carlos Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorRincón Soledad, Martha Cecilia
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación en Biomoléculas Alimentariasspa
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-09T14:12:09Z
dc.date.available2023-08-09T14:12:09Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionilustracionesspa
dc.description.abstractLa explotación cacaotera genera grandes cantidades de subproductos (principalmente la cacota (CPH) (86% del peso fresco) y la cascarilla (CBS) (12% del peso seco del grano)) pues sólo aprovecha económicamente los granos, que representa aproximadamente 10% de la masa del fruto fresco. A pesar del gran volumen de subproductos generados por el procesamiento del cacao y de su riqueza en compuestos de valor agregado, en la práctica común, éstos son usados como biofertilizante en las plantaciones de cacao, o simplemente desaprovechados. En este trabajo, de planteó la obtención de compuestos fenólicos y antioxidantes mediante extracción asistida por microondas (MAE) como alternativa de valorización de estos subproductos. Para cumplir este objetivo, se evaluó el efecto de la potencia (200, 300 y 400 W) y tiempo de extracción (120, 180 y 240 s), y de la relación de solvente/sólido (L/S) (30, 50 y 70 mL/g), en el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos, empleando etanol al 63% como solvente, y siguiendo un diseño experimental de tipo Box-Behnken. La composición de los compuestos fenólicos para cascarilla fue determinada por UHPLC-DAD. A los extractos de CPH y CBS obtenidos en condiciones óptimas se les evaluó su actividad citotóxica sobre líneas celulares tumorales HT-29 (adenocarcinoma colorectal), A549 (adenocarcinoma de pulmón), CAL-27 (carcinoma escamo celular de lengua) y MCF-7 (adenocarcinoma de glándula mamaria). Los resultados mostraron que para la cacota, la potencia de extracción y la relación L/S fueron los factores más influyentes en las variables de respuesta, mientras que para la cascarilla fue más influyente el tiempo de extracción. El mayor rendimiento, contenido de fenoles y capacidad antioxidante (FRAP, DPPH) para la cacota en condiciones óptimas se obtiene a 397,52 W; 233,98 s y 69,99 mL/g. En la cascarilla las condiciones óptimas se obtienen a 399,88 W; 217,42 s y 69,71 mL/g, encontrando que este último subproducto principalmente está compuesto por teobromina y cafeína. En cuanto a la evaluación in vitro sobre las líneas celulares, los extractos de los subproductos del beneficio del cacao mostraron baja selectividad y actividad citotóxica. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractCocoa farming generates large quantities of by-products (mainly cocoa pod husk (CPH) (86% of the fresh weight) and cocoa bean shell (CBS) (12% of the dry weight of the bean)), since only the seed, which represents approximately 10% of the mass of the fresh fruit, is economically exploited. Despite the large volume of by-products generated by cocoa processing and their richness in value-added compounds, in common practice, these are used as biofertilizer in cocoa plantations, or simply wasted. In this work, the obtaining of phenolic compounds and antioxidants by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was proposed as an alternative for the valorization of these by-products. To meet this objective, the effect of power (200, 300 and 400 W) and extraction time (120, 180 and 240 s), and of the solvent/solid (L/S) ratio (30, 50 and 70 mL/g), on the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated, using 63% ethanol as solvent, and following a Box-Behnken experimental design. The composition of phenolic compounds for CBS was determined by UHPLC-DAD. CPH and CBS extracts obtained under optimal conditions were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), CAL-27 (squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue) and MCF-7 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma) tumor cell lines. The results showed that for coca pod husk, extraction power and L/S ratio were the most influential factors on the response variables, while for cascarilla, extraction time was more influential. The highest yield, phenol content and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH) for CPH under optimum conditions are obtained at 397.52 W; 233.98 s and 69.99 mL/g. In the cocoa bean shell the optimal conditions are obtained at 399.88 W; 217.42 s and 69.71 mL/g, finding that this last by-product is mainly composed of theobromine and caffeine. As for the in vitro evaluation on cell lines, the extracts of cocoa processing by-products showed low selectivity and cytotoxic activity.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentosspa
dc.description.researchareaProcesamiento de alimentosspa
dc.format.extentxvi, 124 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84505
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentosspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantaciónspa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::542 - Técnicas, procedimientos, aparatos, equipos, materialesspa
dc.subject.proposalValorización de subproductosspa
dc.subject.proposalExtracción asistida por microondasspa
dc.subject.proposalCompuestos antioxidantesspa
dc.subject.proposalOptimizaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalProcesamiento del cacaospa
dc.subject.proposalWaste valorizationspa
dc.subject.proposalMicrowave-assisted extractionspa
dc.subject.proposalAntioxidant compoundsspa
dc.subject.proposalOptimizationspa
dc.subject.proposalCocoa processingspa
dc.subject.proposalCocoa processingspa
dc.titleExtracción asistida por microondas de compuestos fenólicos de los subproductos del beneficio del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)spa
dc.title.translatedMicrowave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) mill by-productseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.fundernameAGROSAVIAspa

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