Evaluación de la microbiota intestinal de Aedes aegypti del municipio de Florencia Caquetá y su capacidad de biodegradación de los insecticidas temefos y deltametrina

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dc.contributor.advisorCadavid Restrepo, Gloria Ester
dc.contributor.authorViafara Campo, Jennifer Danitza
dc.contributor.cvlacViafara Campo, Jennifer Danitza [0002212156]
dc.contributor.educationalvalidatorVivero Gómez, Rafael José
dc.contributor.educationalvalidatorMoreno Herrera, Claudia Ximena
dc.contributor.orcidViafara Campo, Jennifer Danitza [0009000372596595]
dc.contributor.orcidCadavid Restrepo, Gloria Ester [0000000310266358]
dc.contributor.orcidVivero Gómez, Rafael José [0000000167684097]
dc.contributor.orcidMoreno Herrea, Claudia Ximena [0000-0002-8132-5223]
dc.contributor.researchgroupMicrobiodiversidad y Bioprospección
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-04T16:18:25Z
dc.date.available2026-02-04T16:18:25Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-24
dc.descriptionIlustraciones
dc.description.abstractAedes aegypti es el principal vector de diversos arbovirus, como el dengue, Zika, chikungunya y fiebre amarilla. Su alta capacidad de adaptación a entornos urbanos representa un riesgo considerable para la salud pública. La creciente disminución de susceptibilidad de esta especie a insecticidas organofosforados y piretroides, como el temefos y la deltametrina, ha generado preocupación respecto a la eficacia de los programas de control vectorial. Estudios recientes sugieren que las bacterias intestinales de los insectos vectores podrían desempeñar un papel clave en la respuesta a los insecticidas y en la biodegradación de estos compuestos. Este estudio evaluó la susceptibilidad de Ae. aegypti de Florencia, Caquetá, al temefos y la deltametrina, así como la diversidad de su microbiota intestinal en larvas y hembras adultas expuestas a estos insecticidas. Las larvas mostraron susceptibilidad al temefos, con una razón de resistencia (RR) de 1,84, mientras que las hembras adultas exhibieron tolerancia, manifestada como una pérdida de susceptibilidad frente a la concentración discriminante de 10 μg/mL de deltametrina. Se observó una mayor carga bacteriana en intestinos de hembras expuestas a deltametrina (3,42 × 10⁶ UFC/mL), en comparación con larvas expuestas al temefos (9,4 × 10⁵ UFC/mL) y con las hembras no expuestas (8 × 10⁴ UFC/mL). En total, se obtuvieron 68 aislados bacterianos, de los cuales 31 fueron identificados mediante secuenciación del gen ARN 16S y 11 mediante el gen gyrB. Se identificaron géneros bacterianos exclusivos asociados a cada tratamiento: Bacillus en hembras no expuestas (12,55 %), Serratia en larvas expuestas (35,29 %) y Cedecea en hembras expuestas (66,67 %). Adicionalmente, se evaluó la tolerancia y el potencial de biodegradación in vitro de temefos y deltametrina de 13 cepas bacterianas intestinales aisladas de esta población. La cinética de crecimiento mostró que todas las cepas crecieron en medio LB, pero solo tres cepas Enterobacter asburiae (P2D2C1), Chryseobacterium gleum (P31D2) y Cedecea neteri (P2HD2) mostraron el mejor crecimiento en medio mínimo M9 utilizando los insecticidas como única fuente de carbono. La biodegradación se analizó mediante HPLC-MS/MS y GC-MS, identificando metabolitos en distintos tiempos de incubación. En particular, C. gleum (P31D2) generó cinco metabolitos durante la biodegradación de temefos en 72 horas: 4,4′-tiodifenol, 4,4′-sulfinildifenol, 4,4′-sulfonildifenol, temefos dioxon y sulfóxido de temefos. De manera similar, C. neteri (P2HD2) generó cuatro metabolitos durante la biodegradación de la deltametrina en un periodo de 24 horas: 3-(2,2-dibromoetenil)-2,2-dimetilciclopropanoico, 3-fenoxifenilacetonitrilo, 3-fenoxibenzaldehído y éster metílico del ácido 4-fenoxibenzoico. A partir de los metabolitos identificados, se propusieron posibles rutas metabólicas para cada insecticida, sugiriendo que ambas cepas, C. gleum (P31D2) y C. neteri (P2HD2), tienen un alto potencial para biodegradar estos compuestos, lo cual podría ser prometedor y de gran interés biotecnológico en estrategias de biorremediación. Estos hallazgos proporcionan evidencia del papel funcional de la microbiota intestinal en la respuesta de los insectos a los insecticidas y abren nuevas perspectivas para el desarrollo de estrategias de control de vectores más sostenibles, orientadas a comprender las interacciones entre el insecto y su comunidad bacteriana. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractAedes aegypti is the main vector of several arboviruses, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. Its high capacity to adapt to urban environments represents a considerable risk to public health. The decreasing susceptibility of this species to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, such as temephos and deltamethrin, has raised concerns about the effectiveness of vector control programs. Recent studies suggest that the gut bacteria of insect vectors may play a key role in the response to insecticides and in the biodegradation of these compounds. This study evaluated the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti from Florencia, Caquetá, to temephos and deltamethrin, as well as the diversity of its gut microbiota in larvae and adult females exposed to these insecticides. The larvae showed susceptibility to temephos, with a resistance ratio (RR) of 1.84, whereas the adult females exhibited tolerance to deltamethrin, as evidenced by a loss of susceptibility at the discriminant concentration of 10 μg/mL. A higher bacterial load was observed in the intestines of females exposed to deltamethrin (3.42 × 10⁶ CFU/mL) compared to larvae exposed to temephos (9.4 × 10⁵ CFU/mL) and unexposed females (8 × 10⁴ CFU/mL). In total, 68 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 31 were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 11 by gyrB gene sequencing. Exclusive bacterial genera associated with each treatment were identified: Bacillus in unexposed females (12.55%), Serratia in exposed larvae (35.29%), and Cedecea in exposed females (66.67%). Additionally, the tolerance and in vitro biodegradation potential of temephos and deltamethrin were evaluated in 13 intestinal bacterial strains isolated from this population.Growth kinetics showed that all strains grew in LB medium, but only three strains—Enterobacter asburiae (P2D2C1), Chryseobacterium gleum (P31D2), and Cedecea neteri (P2HD2)—exhibited the best growth in minimal medium M9 using the insecticides as the sole carbon source. Biodegradation was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS, identifying metabolites at different incubation times. Specifically, C. gleum (P31D2)generated five metabolites during the biodegradation of temefos over 72 hours: 4,4-thiodiphenol, 4,4-sulfinyldiphenol, 4,4-sulfonyldiphenol, temefos dioxon, and temefos sulfoxide. Similarly, C. neteri (P2HD2) generated four metabolites during the biodegradation of deltamethrin over 24 hours: 3-(2,2-dibromoethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanoic acid, 3-phenoxyphenylacetonitrile, 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde, and 4-phenoxybenzoic acid methyl ester. Based on the identified metabolites, potential metabolic pathways were proposed for each insecticide, suggesting that both strains, C. gleum (P31D2) and C. neteri (P2HD2), have a high potential to biodegrade these compounds. This could be promising and of great biotechnological interest in bioremediation strategies. These findings provide evidence of the functional role of the gut microbiota in the insect response to insecticides and open new perspectives for the development of more sustainable vector control strategies, aimed at understanding the interactions between the insect and its bacterial community.eng
dc.description.curricularareaBiotecnología.Sede Medellín
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Biotecnología
dc.description.notesDistinción: Tesis de Maestría con Mención Meritoria, Acta 33 de 2025.spa
dc.description.notesScientific Publication: Article derived from the thesis: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16020181.eng
dc.description.researchareaBioprospección
dc.description.researchareaDiversidad microbiana
dc.description.researchareaMicrobiota de insectos
dc.description.researchareamicrobiología molecular en procesos de biorremediación y biolixiviación
dc.description.sponsorshipEste trabajo se desarrolló con el apoyo del grupo de investigación MICROBIODIVERSIDAD Y BIOPROSPECCIÓN (MICROBIOP), de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín.
dc.format.extent1 recurso en línea (154 páginas)
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89391
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biotecnología
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química
dc.subject.lembMicroorganismos intestinales
dc.subject.lembControl de insectos
dc.subject.lembCrecimiento - Bacterias
dc.subject.proposalMosquito vectorspa
dc.subject.proposalBacterias intestinalesspa
dc.subject.proposalSusceptibilidadspa
dc.subject.proposalToleranciaspa
dc.subject.proposalPiretroidespa
dc.subject.proposalOrganofosforadospa
dc.subject.proposalCromatografíaspa
dc.subject.proposalHPLC - MS/MSspa
dc.subject.proposalGC-MSspa
dc.subject.proposalGut bacteriaeng
dc.subject.proposalSusceptibilityeng
dc.subject.proposalToleranceeng
dc.subject.proposalPyrethroideng
dc.subject.proposalOrganophosphateeng
dc.subject.proposalChromatographyeng
dc.titleEvaluación de la microbiota intestinal de Aedes aegypti del municipio de Florencia Caquetá y su capacidad de biodegradación de los insecticidas temefos y deltametrina
dc.title.translatedEvaluation of the intestinal microbiota of Aedes aegypti in the municipality of Florencia Caquetá and its biodegradation capacity of the insecticides temephos and deltamethrin
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEspecializada
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.awardtitleEsta investigación fue financiada por el Proyecto Hermes (código 57720), aprobado en la Convocatoria Nacional para el Fortalecimiento de la Formación mediante el Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación, Creación Artística e Innovación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (2022–2024). Asimismo, contó con el apoyo del Programa de Becas MinCiencias–SGR, Convocatoria 15, para el Desarrollo de Capital Humano en el Contexto del Bicentenario y el Plan Bienal 2021–2022 (FCTeI).
oaire.fundernameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia

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