Evaluación de servicios ecosistémicos generados en la agricultura familiar agroecológica campesina (AFAC) del centro del departamento del Valle del Cauca
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Ángel Sánchez, Diego Iván
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Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
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EspañolFecha de publicación
2016-10-18
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En el centro del departamento del Valle, en fincas familiares agroecológicas campesinas (FFAC) ubicadas en diferentes pisos altitudinales y como contribución a la visibilización de la importancia de este tipo de agricultura, esta investigación evaluó y comparó con fincas convencionales (FC) y relictos de bosque (RB), dos servicios ecosistémicos: agrobiodiversidad y mitigación del cambio climático. Mediante la aplicación de herramientas de investigación participativa se involucró a las asociaciones que hacen parte de la Red de Mercados Agroecológicos Campesinos, en todas las actividades desarrolladas en el estudio. La selección de las fincas se hizo aplicando el Diagnóstico participativo exploratorio y el Diagnóstico participativo agroecológico, los cuales permitieron conocer los aspectos técnicoproductivos, socioeconómicos y ambientales en los que se generan los servicios ecosistémicos evaluados. La agrobiodiversidad fue mayor en las FFAC que en las FC, tanto en número de especies como de familias (hasta 6 y 3 veces, respectivamente) e igualmente ocurrió con el conocimiento asociado a ella, expresado en los usos, partes de las plantas utilizadas y coeficiente de importancia económica. Respecto a la mitigación del cambio climático se encontró que las FFAC almacenan más carbono que las fincas convencionales en todos los compartimentos evaluados: biomasa arbórea, biomasa herbácea, carbono orgánico del suelo y carbono total y que los GEI en las fincas agroecológicas tuvieron mayores valores de absorción de CH4 y emitieron menos CO2 y N2O que las FC. Los resultados encontrados dimensionan la relevancia de los servicios ecosistémicos evaluados y de los espacios donde se generan, así como su importancia en el contexto de la soberanía alimentaria y el cambio climático, dos problemáticas trascendentes para la sociedad y el planeta.
//Abstract: In the center of the Department of Valle, in agro-ecological peasant family agriculture (APFA) located in different altitudinal floors and as a contribution to the visibility of the importance of this type of agriculture, this study evaluated and compared with conventional farms (CF) and forest relict (FR), two ecosystem services: Agriculture biodiversity and climate change mitigation. By applying participatory research tools associations that are part of the Network of Agroecological Farmer Markets were involved in all the activities performed in this study. The selection of farms was done by applying the exploratory participatory Diagnosis and the agroecological participatory diagnosis, which allowed knowing the technical productive, socio-economic and environmental aspects where evaluated ecosystem services are generated. The agrobiodiversity was higher in APFA than in the CF, both in number of species and families (up to 6 and 3 times respectively) and the same occurred with the knowledge associated with it expressed in the uses, parts of plants used and coefficient of economic importance. In relation to mitigation of climate change it was found that APFA store more C than conventional farms in all evaluated compartments: tree Biomass, herbaceous biomass, organic carbon of soil and total carbon and GEI in the agroecological had higher values of absorption of CH4 and emitted less CO2 and N2O than the FC. The results found dimension the relevance of ecosystem services evaluated and spaces where they are generated as well as its importance in the context of food sovereignty and climate, two problematic change two transcendent issues for society and the planet.
//Abstract: In the center of the Department of Valle, in agro-ecological peasant family agriculture (APFA) located in different altitudinal floors and as a contribution to the visibility of the importance of this type of agriculture, this study evaluated and compared with conventional farms (CF) and forest relict (FR), two ecosystem services: Agriculture biodiversity and climate change mitigation. By applying participatory research tools associations that are part of the Network of Agroecological Farmer Markets were involved in all the activities performed in this study. The selection of farms was done by applying the exploratory participatory Diagnosis and the agroecological participatory diagnosis, which allowed knowing the technical productive, socio-economic and environmental aspects where evaluated ecosystem services are generated. The agrobiodiversity was higher in APFA than in the CF, both in number of species and families (up to 6 and 3 times respectively) and the same occurred with the knowledge associated with it expressed in the uses, parts of plants used and coefficient of economic importance. In relation to mitigation of climate change it was found that APFA store more C than conventional farms in all evaluated compartments: tree Biomass, herbaceous biomass, organic carbon of soil and total carbon and GEI in the agroecological had higher values of absorption of CH4 and emitted less CO2 and N2O than the FC. The results found dimension the relevance of ecosystem services evaluated and spaces where they are generated as well as its importance in the context of food sovereignty and climate, two problematic change two transcendent issues for society and the planet.
Abstract
Palabras clave
Agricultura familiar agroecológica campesina ; Investigación participativa ; Servicios ecosistémicos ; Agrobiodiversidad ; Conocimiento asociado ; Almacenamiento de carbono ; Gases efecto invernadero (GEI) ; Agro-ecological peasant family agriculture (APFA) ; Participatory research ; Ecosystem services ; Agriculture biodiversity ; Associated knowledge ; Carbon storage ; Greenhouse gases (GHG).