Estimación de parámetros genéticos en progenies tipo dura de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) para la selección de progenitores elite con características de lento crecimiento del estípite y alta productividad

dc.contributor.advisorAyala-Díaz, Iván Mauricio
dc.contributor.authorTupaz Vera, Andrés Alejandro
dc.contributor.researcherRomero Hernán Mauricio
dc.contributor.researcherBarrera Sánchez, Carlos Felipe
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-23T14:26:41Z
dc.date.available2022-08-23T14:26:41Z
dc.date.issued2022-08-16
dc.descriptionIlustracionesspa
dc.description.abstractEn palma de aceite, el mejoramiento genético desempeña un papel fundamental en la sostenibilidad del cultivo. La selección de progenitores con características deseables como alta producción de racimos de fruta fresca (FFB), alto contenido de aceite, resistencia a enfermedades, adaptabilidad y palmas compactas de lento crecimiento, entre otras, son el insumo para la obtención de cultivares que satisfagan las necesidades de grasas y aceites en los mercados globales. Por esta razón, los programas de mejoramiento deben ser dinámicos y continuos en la evaluación y selección de cultivares promisorios. En la década de 1960 se sembraron en Colombia palmas tipo dura (Ciclo 0), las cuales provienen en su mayoría de germoplasma del sudeste asiático y en algunos casos de África. A fines de la década de los 90s, Cenipalma desarrolló progenies con el propósito de fijar rasgos morfo-agronómicos de interés, especialmente con énfasis en palmas enanas, que se sembraron en un ciclo de mejoramiento (Ciclo 1) de selección recurrente (RRS), ubicado en el Campo Experimental Palmar de la Vizcaína (CEPV). El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue seleccionar familias y plantas individuales sobresalientes a partir de progenies dura x dura enanas para los principales rasgos de interés en palma de aceite. Mediante parámetros genéticos y la ganancia genética en las dos poblaciones RRS. Como resultado, para los parámetros de rendimiento los valores más altos alcanzados para racimos de fruta fresca (FFB), número de racimos (BNO) y aceite por racimo (OB) fueron de 220 kg palma-1, 16 racimos por palma y 22% de aceite respectivamente. El incremento anual en altura mostró progenies enanas con 0.28 m año-1 y palmas individuales con valores de 0.24 m año-1 como el incremento anual en altura (HT) con 72% de alta heredabilidad en sentido amplio (H2B) y 15 de coeficiente de variación genética (CVg). Se obtuvieron altas ganancias genéticas para las características de rendimiento y componentes del racimo, tales como FFB, BNO y OB con valores de 19% de FFB, 18.7% de BNO y 6% de OB para todo el ciclo de cultivo debido principalmente a la alta presión de selección realizada en los genotipos utilizados como parentales del ciclo 1 de SRR, y altas heredabilidades H2B y CVg de los rasgos evaluados. Esta investigación son el insumo para mejorar las selecciones de parentales de tipo dura sobresalientes para un nuevo ciclo de RRS y para desarrollar progenies enanas dura x pisifera (DxP) en palma de aceite para aumentar la vida útil, económica y productiva del cultivo. (texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractGenetic improvement in oil palm plays a fundamental role in its sustainability. The selection of parents with desirable characteristics such as high production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), high oil content, disease resistance, adaptability, slow-growing compact palms, among others. For this reason, breeding programs must be dynamic and continuous in the evaluation and selection of promising cultivars to satisfy marker demands. In the 1960s, dura type palms (Cycle 0) were planted in Colombia, which come mostly from Southeast Asian germplasm and in some cases from Africa. At the end of the 90's, Cenipalma developed progenies with the purpose of fixing morphoagronomic traits of interest, especially with emphasis on dwarf palms. Resumen Subsequently, they were sown in a recurrent selection (SRR) breeding cycle (Cycle 1), located in the Campo Experimental Palmar de la Vizcaína (CEPV). The main objective of this work was to select outstanding families and individual plants from the behavior of genetic parameters in dura x dura dwarf progenies calculated for the main traits of interest in oil palm. Genetic parameters and genetic gain were calculated in the two RRS populations for the most important traits, families and individual palms within families were identified. In the yield parameters, the highest values achieved for fresh fruit bunches (FFB), number of bunches (BNO), oil per bunch (OB) were 220 kg palm-1 , 16 bunches per palm and 22% respectively. Additionally, the annual increase in height showed dwarf progenies with 0.28 m year-1 annual increase and individual palms with values of 0.24 m year1 . Genetic traits of interest with high broad sense heritability (H2 B) and coefficient of genetic variation (CVg) were identified, such as the annual increase in height (HT) with 72% H2 B and 15 CVg. On the other hand, high genetic gains were obtained for yield traits and bunch components, such as FFB, BNO and OB with values of 19%, 18.7% and 6% for the entire crop cycle mainly due the high selection pressure, and high H2 B and CVg of the traits. The results of this research are the input to improve the selections for outstanding dura parentals for a new RRS cycle and to develop dwarfs DxP progenies in oil palm to increase the economical and productive lifespan of the crop.eng
dc.description.curricularareaÁrea Curricular en Producción Agraria Sosteniblespa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.description.researchareaGenética y Fitomejoramientospa
dc.format.extentxvii, 128 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82013
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Agronómicasspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.publisher.placeMedellínspa
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrariasspa
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dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantaciónspa
dc.subject.lembPalma africana
dc.subject.lembMejoramiento genético
dc.subject.lembVariación genética
dc.subject.proposalHeredabilidadspa
dc.subject.proposalIntrogresiónspa
dc.subject.proposalRasgos genéticosspa
dc.subject.proposalMejoramiento genéticospa
dc.subject.proposalGanancia genéticaspa
dc.subject.proposalHeritabilityeng
dc.subject.proposalIntrogressioneng
dc.subject.proposalGenetic traitseng
dc.subject.proposalBreeding and selection and genetic gaineng
dc.subject.proposalElaeis guineensis Jacqspa
dc.titleEstimación de parámetros genéticos en progenies tipo dura de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) para la selección de progenitores elite con características de lento crecimiento del estípite y alta productividadspa
dc.title.translatedEstimation of genetic parameters in hard-type progenies of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) for the selection of elite parents with characteristics of slow stem growth and high productivityeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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