Ayuno e Hipohidratación en un Periodo de 24 horas, Estudio Piloto Cuasiexperimental en Condiciones Naturales en Voluntarios en Bogotá

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dc.contributor.advisorDiaztagle Fernández, Juan José
dc.contributor.authorRamírez Pimiento, Juan David
dc.contributor.orcidRamírez-Pimiento, Juan David [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-6338]spa
dc.coverage.cityBogotá
dc.coverage.countryColombia
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-16T23:22:18Z
dc.date.available2024-07-16T23:22:18Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractAntecedentes: El ayuno prequirúrgico busca reducir el riesgo de aspiración pulmonar durante la anestesia. Sin embargo, a pesar de las guías actuales, el tiempo de ayuno supera frecuentemente las 12 horas antes de un procedimiento electivo. Objetivos: Describir los efectos del ayuno en el estado hídrico, gasto urinario y volúmenes plasmático y sanguíneo; evidenciados por cambios en el peso, hematocrito y volumen urinario. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo cuasiexperimental sin grupo control; se llevaron 18 sujetos (10 hombres, 8 mujeres) a un punto de hipohidratación leve por medio de ayuno absoluto de sólidos y líquidos en un periodo máximo de 24 horas; se midió el peso y el gasto urinario de manera seriada y se tomaron muestras sanguíneas al comienzo y al final del periodo de ayuno. Resultados: Se encontró un déficit hídrico de 16 ml/Kg tras 12 horas de ayuno y una pérdida de 1,038 g/Kg/h en adelante. El tiempo medio para llegar a la hipohidratación fue de 15:09 horas (±3,3h); los sujetos presentaron un descenso del gasto urinario a un promedio de 0,6 ml/Kg/h y se calculó una reducción de los volúmenes sanguíneo y plasmático de 2,9% y 4,18% respectivamente. Conclusiones: El ayuno prolongado como aquel que se presenta antes de un procedimiento quirúrgico puede provocar hipohidratación y oliguria. Esto podría afectar la respuesta ante el reto anestésico y quirúrgico; aumentando la susceptibilidad de complicaciones renales, hemodinámicas, entre otras. Se sugiere que las instituciones tomen medidas que eviten tiempos excesivos de ayuno y las complicaciones relacionadas (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractBackground: Preoperative fasting attempts to reduce aspiration risk during anesthesia; despite current recommendations, fasting time frequently exceeds 12 hours before elective procedures. Objectives: To describe the effects of fasting in hydration status, urinary output, plasma and blood volume; through the measuring of weight loss and changes in hematocrit and spontaneous void of the bladder. Methods: A quasi-experimental, uncontrolled, prospective study was conceived; eighteen subjects (10 male, 8 female) were taken to a mild hypohydration (defined as a water deficit equal to 2% of bodyweight) through fasting in a maximum period of 24 hours; subjects were weighted, and their urine output was measured repeatedly throughout the trial. Blood samples were drawn before and after this fasting period. Results: After 12 hours of fasting, subjects had a water deficit of 16 ml/Kg on average, with an ongoing loss of 1,038 g/Kg/h from there on. A mean time to hypohydration of 15:09 hours (±3,3h) was calculated. Moreover, a decline was observed in urinary output, plasma and blood volumes at the time of hypohydration; median urinary output fell to 0,6 ml/Kg/h, meanwhile blood volume and plasma volume decreased by 2,9% and 4,18% respectively. Conclusions: Prolonged fasting akin to that required before surgical procedures can result in hypohydration and oliguria. These may affect the system’s response to surgical stress and anesthesia management; increasing the risk of renal and hemodynamic complications, amongst others. Institutions ought to address long preoperative fasting and related complications.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Fisiologíaspa
dc.description.methodsSe realizó un estudio prospectivo cuasiexperimental sin grupo control; se llevaron 18 sujetos (10 hombres, 8 mujeres) a un punto de hipohidratación leve por medio de ayuno absoluto de sólidos y líquidos en un periodo máximo de 24 horas; se midió el peso y el gasto urinario de manera seriada y se tomaron muestras sanguíneas al comienzo y al final del periodo de ayuno.spa
dc.format.extentxvii, 95 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86498
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Fisiologíaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::612 - Fisiología humanaspa
dc.subject.decsHematócritospa
dc.subject.decsHematocriteng
dc.subject.decsPeso Corporalspa
dc.subject.decsBody Weighteng
dc.subject.decsVolumen Plasmáticospa
dc.subject.decsPlasma Volumeeng
dc.subject.proposalAyunospa
dc.subject.proposalEstado de hipohidratación del organismospa
dc.subject.proposalDeshidrataciónspa
dc.subject.proposalPeriodo preoperatoriospa
dc.subject.proposalOliguriaspa
dc.subject.proposalFastingeng
dc.subject.proposalOrganism hypohydration statuseng
dc.subject.proposalDehydrationeng
dc.subject.proposalPreoperative periodeng
dc.subject.proposalOliguriaeng
dc.titleAyuno e Hipohidratación en un Periodo de 24 horas, Estudio Piloto Cuasiexperimental en Condiciones Naturales en Voluntarios en Bogotáspa
dc.title.translatedFasting And Hypohydration in A Period Of 24 Hours, A Quasi-Experimental Pilot in Natural Conditions in Volunteers In Bogotáeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMedios de comunicaciónspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentResponsables políticosspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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Tesis de maestría en fisiología con enfasis en investigación. Se realiza un estudio donde se evalúan los efectos fisiológicos del ayuno en voluntarios, particularmente el tiempo necesario para llegar a la hipohidratación y la tasa de deshidratación durante el ayuno.
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