Propuesta de un método de integración de la planificación territorial y la gestión del agua como herramienta para el ordenamiento territorial en Colombia.
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Del Prado Quiroz, Rodolfo Alberto
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La presente investigación tiene como motivación principal el planteamiento de un método para la integración de dos mecanismos del desarrollo que propician la gestión ambiental en Colombia como son la planificación territorial y la gestión del agua; el método propuesto aborda la problemática de los conflictos derivados de la multiplicidad de instrumentos, normativas, planes y guías que carecen de armonización. Por décadas, en Colombia, la gestión en el territorio se ha caracterizado por tener un enfoque sectorial, lo que ha generado confusión al momento de aplicar los mecanismos; la adopción y puesta en marcha del enfoque de gestión integrada de recursos hídricos aceptado en el mundo ha permitido cambiar la manera en que se implementa la gestión ambiental en general, enfatizando el recurso agua como articulador de las políticas de desarrollo. El análisis de conflictos se abordó de dos maneras: de un lado como aquello que se debe superar o por el contrario, verlos como la oportunidad de generar mecanismos alternativos para lograr una gestión territorial más efectiva a partir del acercamiento a la población; el trabajo realizado se inscribe en esta segunda opció El análisis multiescalar revela que el enfoque de gestión por instrumentos que involucra la planificación territorial y la gestión del agua, tiene fortaleza para enfrentar las problemáticas dado que del total de factores analizados que lo afectan, el mayor porcentaje son positivos, revelando un escenario de cambio más favorable. Igualmente se trata de dos mecanismos de protección ambiental muy diferentes entre sí aunque con objetivos similares (desarrollo equilibrado, gestión integrada) lo que puede facilitar estrategias de integración. Se pudo constatar que la gestión integrada con enfoque de cuenca hidrográfica en Colombia es válido siempre y cuando se parta del reconocimiento de la interacción entre mecanismos de gestión comunitaria, institucionales y de organización territorial; por tanto se puede hablar de integración en la gestión territorial en la medida que la participación democrática de las comunidades directamente implicadas en las decisiones sea el eje de los procesos de formulación de políticas e instrumentos.
Abstract : This research has as main motivation the approach of a method for the integration of two development mechanisms that favor environmental management in Colombia such as territorial planning and water management; The proposed method addresses the problem of conflicts arising from the multiplicity of instruments, regulations, plans and guides that lack harmonization. For decades, in Colombia, management in the territory has been characterized by a sectoral approach, which has generated confusion when applying the mechanisms; The adoption and implementation of the integrated water resources management approach accepted in the world has allowed us to change the way in which environmental management is implemented in general, emphasizing the water resource as an articulator of development policies. The conflict analysis was approached in two ways: on the one hand as that which must be overcome or on the contrary, see them as the opportunity to generate alternative mechanisms to achieve a more effective territorial management from the approach to the population. The work done is part of this second option. The multiscale analysis reveals that the instrument management approach that involves territorial planning and water management has the strength to face the problems given that of the total analyzed factors that affect it, most are positive, revealing a more favorable scenario of change. Likewise, these are two very different environmental protection mechanisms, although with similar objectives (balanced development, integrated management), which can facilitate integration strategies. It was found that integrated management with a watershed approach in Colombia is valid as long as it starts from the recognition of the interaction between community management, institutional and territorial organization mechanisms; Therefore, one can speak of integration in territorial management to the extent that the democratic participation of the communities directly involved in the decisions is the axis of the policy and instrument formulation processes.
Abstract : This research has as main motivation the approach of a method for the integration of two development mechanisms that favor environmental management in Colombia such as territorial planning and water management; The proposed method addresses the problem of conflicts arising from the multiplicity of instruments, regulations, plans and guides that lack harmonization. For decades, in Colombia, management in the territory has been characterized by a sectoral approach, which has generated confusion when applying the mechanisms; The adoption and implementation of the integrated water resources management approach accepted in the world has allowed us to change the way in which environmental management is implemented in general, emphasizing the water resource as an articulator of development policies. The conflict analysis was approached in two ways: on the one hand as that which must be overcome or on the contrary, see them as the opportunity to generate alternative mechanisms to achieve a more effective territorial management from the approach to the population. The work done is part of this second option. The multiscale analysis reveals that the instrument management approach that involves territorial planning and water management has the strength to face the problems given that of the total analyzed factors that affect it, most are positive, revealing a more favorable scenario of change. Likewise, these are two very different environmental protection mechanisms, although with similar objectives (balanced development, integrated management), which can facilitate integration strategies. It was found that integrated management with a watershed approach in Colombia is valid as long as it starts from the recognition of the interaction between community management, institutional and territorial organization mechanisms; Therefore, one can speak of integration in territorial management to the extent that the democratic participation of the communities directly involved in the decisions is the axis of the policy and instrument formulation processes.