Rendimiento diagnóstico de la secuenciación de exomas completos en trio e individual en una cohorte de pacientes colombianos con sospecha de enfermedad genética de origen monogénico

dc.contributor.advisorGálvez Bermúdez, Jubby Marcelaspa
dc.contributor.advisorOspina Lagos, Sandra Yanethspa
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez Alvarino, Paula Estefaníaspa
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-03T20:18:08Z
dc.date.available2023-10-03T20:18:08Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionilustracionesspa
dc.description.abstractDurante los últimos años, la secuenciación del exoma completo ha tenido una gran aceptación para la evaluación de trastornos genéticos. Gracias al acceso a la secuenciación de siguiente o nueva generación (NGS), a las herramientas bioinformáticas y a los expertos profesionales, estas pruebas moleculares representan una herramienta diagnóstica de primera línea para muchas enfermedades genéticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la secuenciación de exoma en trio e individual en un grupo de pacientes colombianos con sospecha clínica de enfermedad genética monogénica, así como el rendimiento diagnóstico por grupos de fenotipos, entre junio de 2020 y mayo de 2021. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, retrospectivo, aprobado por el comité de ética en investigación. Se revisaron las historias clínicas para obtener los datos clínicos y fenotípicos, y se realizó secuenciación de exoma completo en trio. El llamado de variantes se realizó utilizando las mejores prácticas de GATK, con la posterior anotación y filtrado utilizando términos de Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) y las variantes se clasificaron utilizando las directrices del Colegio Americano de Genética Médica y Genómica (ACMG, por sus siglas en inglés) de 2015. Se realizaron análisis tanto de exoma individual como análisis de exoma en trio en cada caso. Los casos se consideraron positivos cuando se identificaron variantes patogénicas (P) o probablemente patogénicas (PP), con un mecanismo de herencia que explicaba el fenotipo del paciente. Además, los casos se estratificaron por grupos según el fenotipo clínico, para evaluar el rendimiento específico de la prueba. Se incluyeron un total de 100 casos. La edad media fue de 8.6 años, y siete casos eran hijos de padres consanguíneos. El rendimiento diagnóstico fue del 29% para el análisis de exomas únicos y del 32% para el análisis en trio. Entre los casos positivos, el 19% presentaba una enfermedad autosómica dominante, el 8% una enfermedad ligada al cromosoma X, el 4% una enfermedad autosómica recesiva y el 1% un trastorno de herencia digénica. Dos casos tenían hallazgos incidentales en los genes PMS2 y MSH6, y otros dos casos tenían condiciones monogénicas concomitantes. El fenotipo más prevalente fue el retraso del neurodesarrollo en el 47% de los individuos, con un rendimiento del 38.3%. El mayor rendimiento se encontró en la parálisis (71.3%), seguido de la hipoacusia (55.5%), la microcefalia (50%), la hipertensión pulmonar (50%) y las alteraciones hematológicas (50%). Los movimientos anormales tuvieron la tasa de diagnóstico más baja (10%). Este estudio mostró un rendimiento 3% mayor para el análisis del exoma en trío en comparación con el individual. Esto se explica principalmente por la identificación de variantes de novo y mutaciones heterocigotas compuestas confirmadas, que no pueden establecerse en los exomas únicos. El exoma trio mostró el mejor rendimiento en los fenotipos neurológicos, especialmente en individuos con parálisis. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractDuring last years, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) has had great acceptance for the evaluation of genetic disorders. Due to the access to next-generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics tools, and professionals’ experts, these molecular tests represent a first- tier diagnostic tool for many genetic diseases. The aim was to compare the diagnostic yield of singleton and trio WES in a Colombian cohort with clinical suspicion of a genetic disease, as well as the yield per phenotype groups, between June 2020 to May 2021. A cross-sectional descriptive, retrospective study, approved by an ethics board, was carried out. Medical records were reviewed to obtain phenotypic data and trio WES was performed. Variant calling was done using GATK best practices, with subsequent annotation and filtering using Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms and variants were classified using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) 2015 guidelines. Analysis as singleton exome and trio exome were performed for every case. Cases were considered positive when pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (PP) variants were identified, with a mechanism of inheritance explaining the patient’s phenotype. Additionally, cases were stratified by groups according to the main clinical phenotype, to evaluate the specific yield of the test. A total of 100 cases were included. The average age was of 8.6 years, and seven cases were born of consanguineous parents. The diagnostic yield was 29% for singleton and 32% for trio WES. Among positive cases, 19% had an autosomal dominant disease, 8% an X-linked, 4% autosomal recessive, and 1% a digenic inheritance disorder. Two cases had incidental findings in PMS2 and MSH6 genes, and two other cases had concomitant monogenic conditions. The most prevalent phenotype was neurodevelopmental delay in 47% individuals, with a yield of 38.3%. The highest yield was found for paralysis (71.3%), followed by hypoacusis (55.5%), microcephaly (50%), pulmonary hypertension (50%) and hematologic alterations (50%). Abnormal movements had the lowest diagnostic rate (10%). This study showed a 3% better yield for trio exome analysis in comparison to singleton. This is mainly explained by the identification of de novo variants and confirmed compound heterozygous mutations, which cannot be established in singleton exomes. WES showed the best performance in neurological phenotypes, especially paralysis.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Genética Humanaspa
dc.description.researchareaGenética clínicaspa
dc.format.extentxviii, 110 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84751
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Genética Humanaspa
dc.relation.indexedBiremespa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedadesspa
dc.subject.decsSecuenciación Completa del Genomaspa
dc.subject.decsWhole Genome Sequencingeng
dc.subject.decsPredisposición Genética a la Enfermedadspa
dc.subject.decsGenetic Predisposition to Diseaseeng
dc.subject.decsEnfermedades Genéticas Congénitasspa
dc.subject.decsGenetic Diseases, Inborneng
dc.subject.proposalSecuenciación del exoma completospa
dc.subject.proposalDiagnósticospa
dc.subject.proposalNGSspa
dc.subject.proposalDiagnosticseng
dc.subject.proposalNGSeng
dc.subject.proposalPruebas genéticasspa
dc.subject.proposalGenéticaspa
dc.subject.proposalFenotipospa
dc.subject.proposalExome sequencingeng
dc.subject.proposalGenetic testingeng
dc.subject.proposalGenomicseng
dc.subject.proposalPhenotypeeng
dc.titleRendimiento diagnóstico de la secuenciación de exomas completos en trio e individual en una cohorte de pacientes colombianos con sospecha de enfermedad genética de origen monogénicospa
dc.title.translatedDiagnostic yield of trio and individual Whole Exome Sequencing in a group of Colombian patients with a suspected monogenic diseaseeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
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dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
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dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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