Caracterización molecular mediante dos marcadores mitocondriales y detección de infección por Mycoplasma en loros y guacamayas recuperados del tráfico en tres zonas de Colombia

dc.contributor.advisorÚsuga Monroy, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorMarín Villa, Julián
dc.contributor.cvlacMarín Villa, Julián [0001709795]
dc.contributor.educationalvalidatorLópez Herrera, Albeiro
dc.contributor.googlescholarMarín Villa, Julián [Q24nXQkAAAAJ]
dc.contributor.orcidMarín Villa, Julián [0009000649782949]
dc.contributor.orcidLópez Herrera, Albeiro [0000000314443470]
dc.contributor.orcidÚsuga Monroy, Cristina [0000000161012994]
dc.contributor.researchgateJulián Marín Villa [Julian-Marin-Villa]
dc.contributor.researchgroupBiodiversidad y Génetica Molecular "Biogem"
dc.coverage.temporalColombia
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-12T19:18:37Z
dc.date.available2026-02-12T19:18:37Z
dc.date.issued2025-12
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, mapas
dc.description.abstractEl tráfico ilegal de fauna silvestre representa una amenaza para la biodiversidad en Colombia, donde los psitácidos son uno de los grupos más afectados. Esta situación genera retos para identificar y evaluar sanitariamente a los individuos que ingresan a los Centros de Atención y Valoración de Fauna Silvestre para su rehabilitación y liberación. La ausencia de información sobre la circulación de patógenos como Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) y Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) en psitácidos del país, junto con la falta de datos genéticos de referencia, limita la toma de decisiones informadas. La información genética de base no solo permite identificar individuos completos, sino también subproductos difíciles de reconocer morfológicamente. En este estudio se caracterizaron molecularmente a 88 individuos de los géneros Amazona y Ara mediante los genes mitocondriales COI y 16S rRNA, y se evaluó la presencia de MG y MS mediante ELISA y PCR en tiempo real. Se generaron 61 secuencias nuevas del gen COI y 77 del 16S rRNA, con un total de 35 haplotipos para COI (20 en Amazona, 15 en Ara) y 28 para 16S rRNA (19 en Amazona, 9 en Ara). El gen COI mostró alta capacidad de discriminación taxonómica, evidenciando haplotipos únicos para cada especie y agrupaciones claras en las inferencias filogenéticas y análisis de componentes principales. En Amazona, las especies del complejo de loros de cabeza amarilla presentaron baja diferenciación genética, mientras que, en Ara, Ara militaris y Ara ambiguus mostraron alta similitud genética. No obstante, especies como Amazona amazonica, Ara severus y Ara ararauna mostraron alta diversidad genética intraespecífica, lo que sugiere la utilidad del gen COI para estudios de estructuración poblacional. En cuanto al gen 16S rRNA, si bien presentó menor resolución en los análisis de componentes principales y redes haplotípicas, la inferencia filogenética permitió separar adecuadamente la mayoría de las especies, excepto aquellas del complejo de loros de cabeza amarilla. Por otro lado, en la detección de MG y MS se encontró una seropositividad del 10.2 % para MG y del 2.3 % para MS, sin positividad molecular. El gen mitocondrial COI demostró ser una herramienta eficaz para la identificación molecular en psitácidos, mientras que el gen 16S rRNA presentó limitaciones por su menor variabilidad. La detección de anticuerpos frente a MG y MS, sin evidencia de infección activa, pone en evidencia la importancia de incorporar evaluaciones sanitarias en los procesos de rehabilitación y liberación. La integración de datos genéticos y sanitarios orienta decisiones responsables de manejo y liberación, minimizando el riesgo de introducir patógenos o alterar la estructura genética de las poblaciones silvestres receptoras. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractIllegal wildlife trafficking represents a threat to biodiversity in Colombia, where psittacids are one of the most affected groups. This situation poses challenges for identifying and assessing the health of individuals entering Wildlife Rehabilitation and Care Centers for their rehabilitation and release. The lack of information on the circulation of pathogens such as Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in psittacids in the country, along with the lack of genetic reference data, limits informed decision-making. Genetic baseline information not only allows for the identification of whole individuals but also difficult-to-recognize byproducts morphologically. In this study, 88 individuals from the genera Amazona and Ara were molecularly characterized using the mitochondrial genes COI and 16S rRNA, and the presence of MG and MS was assessed using ELISA and real-time PCR. A total of 61 new COI sequences and 77 16S rRNA sequences were generated, with a total of 35 haplotypes for COI (20 in Amazona, 15 in Ara) and 28 for 16S rRNA (19 in Amazona, 9 in Ara). The COI gene showed high taxonomic discrimination capacity, revealing unique haplotypes for each species and clear groupings in phylogenetic inferences and principal component analyses. In Amazona, species from the yellow-headed parrot complex showed low genetic differentiation, while in Ara, Ara militaris and Ara ambiguus showed high genetic similarity. However, species such as Amazona amazonica, Ara severus, and Ara ararauna showed high intra-specific genetic diversity, suggesting the usefulness of the COI gene for population structuring studies. Regarding the 16S rRNA gene, although it presented lower resolution in principal component analyses and haplotype networks, phylogenetic inference successfully separated most species, except those from the yellow-headed parrot complex. On the other hand, in the detection of MG and MS, a seropositivity of 10.2% for MG and 2.3% for MS was found, with no molecular positivity. The COI mitochondrial gene proved to be an effective tool for molecular identification in psittacids, while the 16S rRNA gene showed limitations due to its lower variability. The detection of antibodies against MG and MS, without evidence of active infection, underscores the importance of incorporating health assessments into rehabilitation and release processes. The integration of genetic and health data guides responsible management and release decisions, minimizing the risk of introducing pathogens or altering the genetic structure of recipient wild populations.eng
dc.description.curricularareaBiotecnología.Sede Medellín
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Biotecnología
dc.description.notesspa
dc.description.researchareaBiotecnología animal
dc.format.extent1 recurso en línea (179 páginas)
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89529
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biotecnología
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc590 - Animales
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::577 - Ecología
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedades
dc.subject.lembMarcadores genéticos
dc.subject.lembGenetica molecular
dc.subject.lembGenética anamila
dc.subject.lembFauna
dc.subject.lembLoros
dc.subject.lembGuacamayas
dc.subject.proposalPsitácidosspa
dc.subject.proposalCOIspa
dc.subject.proposal16S rRNAspa
dc.subject.proposalDiversidad Genéticaspa
dc.subject.proposalMycoplasma gallisepticumspa
dc.subject.proposalMycoplasma synoviaespa
dc.subject.proposalPsittacineseng
dc.subject.proposalCOIeng
dc.subject.proposal16S rRNAeng
dc.subject.proposalGenetic Diversityeng
dc.subject.proposalMycoplasma synoviaeeng
dc.subject.proposalMycoplasma gallisepticumeng
dc.subject.proposalMycoplasma en loros
dc.subject.proposalMycoplasma en guacamayas
dc.titleCaracterización molecular mediante dos marcadores mitocondriales y detección de infección por Mycoplasma en loros y guacamayas recuperados del tráfico en tres zonas de Colombiaspa
dc.title.translatedMolecular characterization using two mitochondrial markers and detection of Mycoplasma infection in parrots and macaws recovered from illegal wildlife trade in three regions of Colombiaeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentGeneral
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.awardtitleConvocatoria Nacional para el Fomento de Alianzas Estratégicas Interdisciplinarias 2022–2024
oaire.fundernameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
oaire.fundernameCoorporación Universitaria Remington

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