Propuesta metodológica para dar significado a los números enteros y sus operaciones
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Rodríguez Oñate, Eudes Antonio
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El propósito de este trabajo es desarrollar una unidad didáctica para superar los obstáculos en el aprendizaje de los números enteros, particularmente los negativos y sus operaciones. Para ello se hizo un análisis histórico-epistemológico, didáctico y disciplinar del concepto de número entero de manera axiomática. Este trabajo se centra en dar significado a los números enteros a través de los modelos aritmético y geométrico, se plantearon tres actividades que mejoran la introducción y construcción de este concepto matemático, en especial los enteros negativos y sus operaciones. Finalmente, se aplicó y evaluó la unidad didáctica para establecer su validez. Con base en el análisis de los resultados de las pruebas aplicadas, se concluyó que la unidad didáctica permitió cumplir con los objetivos del aprendizaje previsto en los estudiantes.
Abstract. The objective of this Project is to develop a didactic unit to achieve the goals in the learning of whole negative numbers and its operations for sixth and seventh grade students of the “Institución Agrícola La Mina”, trying to overcome the obstacles they present. We have based our work on recognized authors that have described this problematic. Historical, epistemological, didactic and discipline analysis has been made to develop the project. This work is focused on giving meaning to the integer number trough arithmetic and geometric models; three activities are presented to improve the introduction and construction of whole negative numbers and its operations. Finally, the didactic unit was applied and evaluated to establish its validity. Based on the analysis of the results in the tests that were applied, it was concluded that the didactic unit allowed meet the learning objectives provided for students.
Abstract. The objective of this Project is to develop a didactic unit to achieve the goals in the learning of whole negative numbers and its operations for sixth and seventh grade students of the “Institución Agrícola La Mina”, trying to overcome the obstacles they present. We have based our work on recognized authors that have described this problematic. Historical, epistemological, didactic and discipline analysis has been made to develop the project. This work is focused on giving meaning to the integer number trough arithmetic and geometric models; three activities are presented to improve the introduction and construction of whole negative numbers and its operations. Finally, the didactic unit was applied and evaluated to establish its validity. Based on the analysis of the results in the tests that were applied, it was concluded that the didactic unit allowed meet the learning objectives provided for students.