Repensando la integración regional en América del Sur: redes aéreas y comercio interregional
dc.contributor.advisor | Delgado Rozo, Juan David | |
dc.contributor.author | Escobar Aldana, Santiago | |
dc.coverage.region | América del Sur | spa |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-09-17T17:06:33Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-09-17T17:06:33Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025-09-16 | |
dc.description | ilustraciones (principalmente a color), diagramas | spa |
dc.description.abstract | Este trabajo analiza los procesos de integración regional en América del Sur a partir de marcos conceptuales de la Nueva Geografía Económica, la teoría institucionalista de la Nueva Historia Económica y el enfoque centro-periferia. El objetivo es comprender por qué iniciativas como MERCOSUR y la Alianza del Pacífico han fracasado en consolidar un mercado regional robusto. Para ello, se desarrolla un diseño metodológico mixto que combina el uso de modelos gravitacionales y de redes exponenciales aleatorias (ERGM) aplicados a datos de comercio bilateral entre países sudamericanos, incorporando variables como PIB, distancia, idioma, pertenencia a bloques y conectividad aérea. Los resultados del modelo gravitacional muestran que el comercio intrarregional aumenta significativamente cuando los países comparten bloque económico o idioma, mientras que la distancia geográfica tiene un efecto negativo menor al esperado. Los análisis de redes confirman la existencia de comunidades comerciales heterogéneas y patrones de homofilia económica y lingüística, lo que refuerza la fragmentación en subbloques. A nivel institucional, se evidencia la ausencia de mecanismos supranacionales fuertes y la persistencia de barreras históricas ligadas a la dependencia de modelos extractivistas. Se concluye que la integración en América del Sur enfrenta obstáculos estructurales derivados tanto de desigualdades espaciales como de limitaciones institucionales, y que su superación requiere fortalecer las instituciones regionales, desarrollar infraestructuras estratégicas y promover políticas industriales coordinadas. (Texto tomado de la fuente) | spa |
dc.description.abstract | This paper analyzes regional integration processes in South America through the conceptual frameworks of the New Economic Geography, the institutionalist perspective of the New Economic History, and the center–periphery approach. The main objective is to explain why initiatives such as MERCOSUR and the Pacific Alliance have failed to consolidate a robust regional market. The study follows a mixed methodological design that combines gravity models and Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM) applied to bilateral trade data among South American countries, including variables such as GDP, distance, language, trade bloc membership, and air connectivity. Results from the gravity model show that intraregional trade significantly increases when countries share a bloc or language, while geographical distance has a smaller negative effect than expected. Network analyses confirm the existence of heterogeneous trade communities and patterns of economic and linguistic homophily, reinforcing the fragmentation of the region into sub-blocs. At the institutional level, the lack of strong supranational mechanisms and the persistence of historical barriers linked to extractivist dependency remain central obstacles. The study concludes that regional integration in South America faces structural constraints arising from both spatial inequalities and institutional weaknesses, and that overcoming them requires strengthening regional institutions, improving strategic infrastructures, and promoting coordinated industrial policies | eng |
dc.description.degreelevel | Especialización | |
dc.description.degreename | Especialista en Análisis Espacial | |
dc.format.extent | x, 38 páginas | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/88874 | |
dc.language.iso | spa | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias Humanas | |
dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | |
dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ciencias Humanas - Especialización en Análisis Espacial | |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
dc.rights.license | Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional | |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.subject.ddc | 330 - Economía::337 - Economía internacional | |
dc.subject.lemb | América del Sur -- Integración económica | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | South america -- International economic integration | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | Geografía económica | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Geography, economic | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | Economía regional -- Cooperación internacional | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Regional economics -- International cooperation | eng |
dc.subject.other | Mercado Común del Cono Sur | spa |
dc.subject.other | Alianza del Pacífico (Organización : América Latina) | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Integración regional | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Modelo Gravitacional | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Análisis de redes | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Alianza del Pacífico | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Regional integration | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | New Economic Geography | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Pacific Alliance | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Pacific Alliance | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Gravity model | eng |
dc.title | Repensando la integración regional en América del Sur: redes aéreas y comercio interregional | spa |
dc.title.translated | Rethinking regional integration in South America: air networks and interregional trade | eng |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Especialización | |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |
dc.type.content | Text | |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | |
dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP | |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestros | |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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