Factores relacionados con la calidad de vida y el nivel de sobrecarga en cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cáncer avanzado

dc.contributor.advisorPardo Turriago , Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorHernández Castillo , Claudia Isabel
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1267-6211
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-10T21:34:53Z
dc.date.available2026-02-10T21:34:53Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-14
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: El cáncer avanzado (CA) produce cambios individuales y familiares, especialmente en la persona que asume el rol del Cuidador familiar. La acción de cuidar a otro es un escenario complejo, que puede generar cambios en el proveedor de cuidado relacionados con su interacción social, bienestar físico y psicológico y, por ende, alterar su Calidad de Vida y nivel de sobrecarga. Es importante analizar los factores que pueden aumentar o disminuir la Calidad de Vida y el nivel de sobrecarga de los Cuidadores familiares de pacientes con CA con el fin de brindar las herramientas para mejorar el bienestar del Cuidador familiar y con ello el cuidado que proveen a los pacientes con CA. Objetivo: Analizar los factores relacionados con los puntajes de la Calidad de Vida y el nivel de sobrecarga en los Cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cáncer avanzado atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá – Colombia (INC) entre junio del 2019 a junio de 2020. Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico de tipo longitudinal que incluyó una cohorte de Cuidadores familiares de pacientes con CA quienes asistían de forma ambulatoria al INC a los servicios de consulta externa, de especialista, rehabilitación y Cuidados Paliativos. Se realizaron mediciones quincenales de Calidad de Vida y el nivel sobrecarga de Cuidador familiar por tres meses, utilizando escalas validadas en Colombia como la Caregiver Quality of life index-Cancer (CQOLC) y la escala de ZARIT (ZT), respectivamente. Los factores de tipo categórico se resumieron con porcentajes, mientras que los factores de tipo numérico se resumieron de acuerdo con la dispersión de los datos presentada, media con desviación estándar (DE) o mediana con rango intercuartílico (RIC). Para analizar los factores del Cuidador familiar y del paciente con CA relacionados con la Calidad de Vida (CV) y el nivel de sobrecarga en los Cuidadores familiares en el tiempo, se realizaron análisis bivariados con modelos mixtos de medidas repetidas y modelos de regresión bivariada para datos panel con efectos aleatorios. Posteriormente, el modelo multivariable final para datos panel con efectos aleatorios incluyó los factores del Cuidador familiar y del paciente con CA estadísticamente significativas. Además, en las pruebas de hipótesis se utilizó un nivel de significancia del 5% a dos colas. Resultados: en este estudio se incluyeron un total de 476 Cuidadores familiares de pacientes con CA, entre el 22 de julio de 2019 y el 25 de junio de 2020. La mayoría de los Cuidadores familiares eran mujeres adultas jóvenes, con pareja y procedentes de Bogotá. En cuanto a los pacientes con CA, la mayoría eran mujeres de edad avanzada, con un nivel educativo de cero a 10 años de estudio, procedentes de Bogotá y sin actividad laboral activa. Los tipos de cáncer avanzado más frecuentes fueron el gastrointestinal y el de mama; también, se observó un porcentaje alto de pacientes que se encuentra recibiendo quimioterapia como opción de tratamiento. Calidad de Vida del Cuidador familiar El modelo multivariado final explicó el 27% de la varianza de la puntuación total de la CV de los Cuidadores familiares en el tiempo. Entre los factores del Cuidador familiar que se relacionaron con aumento en las puntuaciones de CV se encuentran: la edad (β= 0.22; IC95%: 0.12 a 0.31), un tiempo de estudio entre cero y 10 años (β= 3.69; IC95%: 0.22 a 7.17), la percepción de ingresos económicos suficientes o más que suficientes (β= 8.16; IC95%: 5.22 a 11.09) y recibir apoyo de otras personas para cuidar (β= 1.17; IC95%: 0.03 a 2.31). Por el contrario, los Cuidadores familiares que no recibieron apoyo espiritual (β= -4.12: IC95%: -6.98 a -1.25) y otros tipos de apoyo (p.e domiciliario u albergue) (β= -5.14; IC95%: -7.36 a 2.92) presentaron reducciones de su CV a lo largo del tiempo. En cuanto a los factores referentes al cuidado del paciente con CA se identificó que el bienestar espiritual del paciente y tener que cuidar un paciente con cáncer hematológico comparado con el cáncer gastrointestinal aumentaron las puntuaciones de la escala de CQOLC (β=0.37; IC95%: 0.31 a 0.44 y β= 6.12; IC95%: 1.29 a 10.97, respectivamente). Sobrecarga del Cuidador familiar En relación con el nivel de sobrecarga según la EZ se identificó que los factores del Cuidador familiar como la edad (β= -0.09; IC95%: -0.1 a -0.02), percibir los ingresos económicos suficientes o más que suficientes (β= -6.74; IC95%: -8.99 a -4.49) y recibir apoyo de otras personas para cuidar al paciente con CA (β= -1.92; IC95%: -2.73 a -1.13) disminuyeron los sentimientos negativos de sobrecarga en el tiempo. Sobre los factores del paciente con CA se demostró que los Cuidadores familiares de pacientes con CA sin asistencia al programa de Cuidados Paliativos (β= -4.57; IC95%: -6.56 a -2.57) experimentaron una reducción de los sentimientos de sobrecarga, ajustando por las demás covariables. Este modelo final explica el 25% de la varianza del nivel de sobrecarga de los Cuidadores familiares de pacientes con CA. Finalmente, al identificar los factores del Cuidador familiar y del paciente relacionadas con la Calidad de Vida y el nivel sobrecarga del Cuidador a través del tiempo, posibilita conocer la magnitud del efecto y comprender la fuerte interacción entre el Cuidador familiar y el paciente con CA. Esto facilitará direccionar futuras intervenciones que mejoren el bienestar del Cuidador familiar y, de forma indirecta, mejorar el bienestar del paciente con CA. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Advanced cancer (AC) produces individual and family changes, especially in the person who assumes the role of the Family Caregiver. The action of caring for another is a complex scenario, which can generate changes in the care provider related to their social interaction, physical and psychological well-being and, therefore, alter their Quality of Life and level of burden. It is important to analyze the factors that can increase or decrease the Quality of Life and the level of burden of the Family Caregivers of patients with CA in order to provide the tools to improve the well-being of the Family Caregiver and thus the care they provide to patients with AC. Objective: To analyze the factors related to the scores of Quality of Life and the level of burden in Family Caregivers of patients with advanced cancer treated at the National Cancer Institute, Bogotá - Colombia (INC) between June 2019 to June 2020. Methods: Longitudinal analytical observational study that included a cohort of family caregivers of patients with AC who attended outpatient services INC, specialist, rehabilitation and palliative care. Biweekly measurements of Quality of Life and Family Caregiver burden level were performed for three months, using validated scales in Colombia such as the Caregiver Quality of life index-Cancer (CQOLC) and ZARIT (ZT) scale, respectively. Categorical factors were summarized by percentages, while numerical factors were summarized according to the dispersion of the data presented, mean with standard deviation (SD) or median with interquartile range (IQR). To analyze the factors of the Family Caregiver and the patient with AC related to the Quality of Life (QoL) and the level of burden in the Family Caregivers over time, bivariate analyzes were performed with mixed models of repeated measures and bivariate regression models for panel data with random effects. Subsequently, the final multivariate model for panel data with random effects included the factors of the Family Caregiver and the patient with AC statistically significant. In addition, a two-sided 5% significance level was used in hypothesis testing. Results: a total of 476 Family caregivers of patients with AC were included in this study, between July 22, 2019 and June 25, 2020. Most of the family caregivers were young adult women with partners from Bogotá. As for the patients with AC, most were elderly women, with an educational level of zero to 10 years of study, from Bogotá and no active work. The most common types of advanced cancer were gastrointestinal and breast, also observed a high percentage of patients who are receiving chemotherapy as a treatment option. Family Caregiver Quality of Life The final multivariate model explained 27% of the variance of the total QoL score of Family Caregivers over time. Family Caregiver factors associated with an increase in QoL scores include age (β= 0.22; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.31), study time between zero and 10 years (β= 3.69; 95% CI: 0.22 to 7.17), perception of sufficient or more than enough income (β= 8.16; 95% CI: 5.22 to 11.09) and support from other people to care for (β= 1.17; 95% CI: 0.03 to 2.31). In contrast, family caregivers who did not receive spiritual support (β= -4.12: CI95%: -6.98 to -1.25) and other types of support (e.g. home care or shelter) (β= -5.14; CI95%: -7.36 to 2.92) showed reductions in their QoL over time. Regarding the factors related to the care of the patient with AC, it was identified that the spiritual well-being of the patient and having to care for a patient with hematological cancer compared to gastrointestinal cancer increased the scores of the CQOLC scale (β=0.37; 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.44 and β= 6.12; 95% CI: 1.29 to 10.97, respectively). Caregiver burden In relation to the level of burden according to the EZ, it was identified that the factors of the Family Caregiver such as age (β= -0.09; 95% CI: -0.1 to -0.02), receiving sufficient or more than enough income (β= -6.74; 95% CI: -8.99 to -4.49) and receiving support from other people to care for the patient with AC (β= -1.92; 95% CI: -2.73 to -1.13) decreased the negative feelings of burden over time. Regarding the factors of the patient with AC, it was shown that family caregivers of patients with AC without assistance to the palliative care program (β= -4.57; 95% CI: -6.56 to -2.57) experienced a reduction in feelings of burden, adjusting for the other covariates. This final model explains 25% of the variance of the level of burden of the Family Caregivers of patients with AC. Finally, by identifying the factors of the Family Caregiver and the patient related to the Quality of Life and the level of caregiver burden over time, it enables to know the magnitude of the effect and understand the strong interaction between the Family Caregiver and the patient with A. This will facilitate targeting future interventions that improve the well-being of the Family Caregiver and, indirectly, improve the well-being of the patient with AC.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Epidemiología Clínica
dc.description.researchareaEpidemiología - aspectos psicosociales del cáncer
dc.description.technicalinfoSTATA
dc.format.extentxx, 109 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89478
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Investigaciones Clínicasspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicina
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Epidemiología Clínica
dc.relation.indexedBireme
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::613 - Salud y seguridad personal
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedades
dc.subject.proposalCuidadoresspa
dc.subject.proposalEvaluación de necesidadesspa
dc.subject.proposalNeoplasiasspa
dc.subject.proposalCalidad de vidaspa
dc.subject.proposalSobrecarga del cuidadorspa
dc.subject.proposalCaregivereng
dc.subject.proposalNeoplasmseng
dc.subject.proposalNeeds assessmenteng
dc.subject.proposalQuality of lifeeng
dc.subject.proposalCaregiver burdeneng
dc.subject.unescoMedio familiarspa
dc.subject.unescoFamily environmenteng
dc.subject.unescoBienestarspa
dc.subject.unescoWell-beingeng
dc.subject.wikidataencargado de enfermo o dependientespa
dc.subject.wikidatacaregivereng
dc.titleFactores relacionados con la calidad de vida y el nivel de sobrecarga en cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cáncer avanzadospa
dc.title.translatedFactors related to quality of life and the level of burden in family caregivers of patients with advanced cancereng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentGrupos comunitarios
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPadres y familias
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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