Epidemiología Molecular de la Tuberculosis en Comunidades Indígenas con asentamiento en Puerto Nariño (Amazonas), año 2016

dc.contributor.advisorMurcia Aranguren, Martha Isabelspa
dc.contributor.authorVega Marín, Mario Alejandrospa
dc.contributor.researchgroupMICOBAC-UNspa
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-10T17:01:48Zspa
dc.date.available2020-03-10T17:01:48Zspa
dc.date.issued2018-01-02spa
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: La tuberculosis, enfermedad infecciosa declarada como problema global de salud, afecta en mayor medida a grupos vulnerables entre los cuales se encuentran la población indígena. Objetivo: Determinar la epidemiología molecular de los aislados clínicos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulantes en la población indígena del municipio de Puerto Nariño-Amazonas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en 23 comunidades indígenas del Municipio de Puerto Nariño-Amazonas. Los aislados clínicos fueron recuperados en medio Löwenstein Jensen y BACTEC MGIT™ a partir de muestras de esputo de personas que presentaron sintomatología respiratoria (identificadas previamente por búsqueda activa). La susceptibilidad se determinó mediante métodos fenotípicos: proporciones múltiples y BACTEC MGIT™ SIRE; y genotípicos: GenoType®MTBDRplus y GeneXpert MTB/RIF®. La caracterización genotípica se realizó por spoligotyping y MIRU-VNTR de 24 loci. Para los análisis de genotipificación se utilizaron bases de datos globales SITVIT (Instituto Pasteur de Guadeloupe) y el portal MIRU-VNTRplus. El poder de discriminación de los dos métodos empleados se calculó mediante el índice de discriminación de Hunter-Gaston (HGDI). Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 80 casos de tuberculosis activa, 76/80 (95%) en población indígena. Se recuperaron 74 aislados clínicos pertenecientes al Complejo M. tuberculosis, 70 en población indígena. El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 28,9 años. La genotipificación por spoligotyping determinó que el 100% de los aislados recuperados perteneció a la especie M. tuberculosis, además detectó 5 genotipos diferentes, el 98,57% (69/70) correspondió al linaje Euro-Americano y el 1,42% (1/70) presentó un patrón huérfano (patrón no reportado en la base de datos SpolDB4). Por MIRU-VNTR de 24 loci se discriminaron 14 genotipos diferentes, además en 2 pacientes se detectó la presencia de infecciones policlonales. La combinación de los resultados de los dos métodos permitió tener un mayor poder de discriminación. Se identificó un caso de TB-MDR en un menor de edad. Conclusiones: La población indígena en estudio presentó una alta prevalencia de tuberculosis pulmonar, 1.302 casos/100.000 habitantes. La genotipificación demostró la presencia de infección policlonal en dos pacientes que convivían en la misma comunidad, además se determinó alta homogeneidad genómica con 59/70 (84,3%) aislados clínicos agrupados en 8 clusters, sugiriendo posibles cadenas de transmisión activa reciente en la población intervenida. Un aislado clínico se confirmó MDR mediante las metodologías empleadas.spa
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Tuberculosis, an infectious disease declared as a global health problem, affects to a greater extent vulnerable groups among which are the indigenous population. Objective: To determine the molecular epidemiology of the clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating in the indigenous communities of Puerto Nariño-Amazonas. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 23 indigenous communities of Puerto Nariño-Amazonas. The clinical isolates were recovered in Löwenstein Jensen and BACTEC MGIT™ medium from sputum samples from people who presented respiratory symptomatology (previously identified by active search). Susceptibility was determined by phenotypic methods: multiple proportions and BACTEC MGIT™ SIRE; and genotypic: GenoType®MTBDRplus and GeneXpert MTB / RIF®. The genotypic characterization was performed by spoligotyping and 24 MIRU-VNTR loci. For the genotyping analyzes, global databases SITVIT (Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe) and the MIRU-VNTRplus portal were used. The discrimination power of the two methods used was calculated using the Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI). Results: 80 cases of active tuberculosis were diagnosed, 76/80 (95%) in indigenous population. We recovered 74 clinical isolates belonging to the M. tuberculosis Complex, 70 in the indigenous population. The average age of the patients was 28,9 years. Genotyping by spoligotyping determined that 100% of the recovered isolates belonged to M. tuberculosis species, in addition detected 5 different genotypes, 98.57% (69/70) corresponded to Euro-American lineage and 1.42% (1/70) presented an orphan pattern (pattern not reported in the SpolDB4 database). By 24 MIRU-VNTR loci, 14 different genotypes were discriminated, and in 2 patients the presence of polyclonal infections were detected. The combination of the results of the two methods allowed to have a greater power of discrimination. A case of MDR-TB was identified in a younger. Conclusions: The indigenous population under study had a high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, 1.302 cases / 100.000 inhabitants. Genotyping showed the presence of polyclonal infection in two patients living in the same community, and high genomic homogeneity was determined with 59/70 (84.3%) clinical isolates grouped in 8 clusters, suggesting possible chains of recent active transmission in the intervened population. A clinical isolate was confirmed by MDR by the methodologies used.spa
dc.description.additionalMagíster en Ciencias - Microbiología. Línea de Investigación: Epidemiología molecular de la tuberculosis.spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.project"Fortalecimiento intersectorial e intercultural de la estrategia Alto a la TB en poblaciones indígenas con asentamiento en el trapecio amazónico"spa
dc.format.extent137spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/76047
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
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dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.spaAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y saludspa
dc.subject.proposalMycobacterium tuberculosisspa
dc.subject.proposalMycobacterium tuberculosiseng
dc.subject.proposalSpoligotypingeng
dc.subject.proposalspoligotypingspa
dc.subject.proposalMIRU-VNTRspa
dc.subject.proposalMIRU-VNTReng
dc.subject.proposalpoblación indígenaspa
dc.subject.proposalIndigenous populationeng
dc.subject.proposalPuerto Nariño.spa
dc.subject.proposalPuerto Nariñoeng
dc.titleEpidemiología Molecular de la Tuberculosis en Comunidades Indígenas con asentamiento en Puerto Nariño (Amazonas), año 2016spa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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