Representaciones sociales de pacientes y expertos en medicamentos en Bogotá D.C. sobre la contaminación ambiental por medicamentos

Vista sencilla de ítem
dc.contributor.advisorOrozco Díaz, José Gilbertospa
dc.contributor.advisorBallesteros Cabrera, Magnolia del Pilarspa
dc.contributor.authorQuijano Prieto, Diego Mauriciospa
dc.contributor.researchgroupEstudios socio históricos de la salud y la protección socialspa
dc.coverage.cityBogotáspa
dc.coverage.countryColombiaspa
dc.coverage.regionCundinamarcaspa
dc.coverage.tgnhttp://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1000838
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-23T19:19:50Z
dc.date.available2025-10-23T19:19:50Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractLa contaminación ambiental causada por los principios activos de medicamentos es una preocupación mundial creciente que plantea riesgos para la salud pública y el ambiente. Su estudio es un área de investigación interdisciplinaria y una aproximación desde la teoría de las representaciones sociales puede contribuir a generar propuestas para el abordaje. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo describir e interpretar las representaciones sociales sobre la contaminación ambiental por medicamentos por parte de pacientes y expertos en medicamentos en Bogotá D.C. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo, desde el enfoque y aportes de las representaciones sociales, abarcando conceptos como la medicalización, la medicamentalización y los problemas relacionados con la dinámica social que involucra a los medicamentos. A través de una revisión de alcance, grupos focales con pacientes, entrevistas en profundidad con expertos y análisis temático, se definieron trece aproximaciones y dos representaciones sociales sobre la contaminación ambiental por medicamentos. El análisis de la información permitió concluir que las representaciones de pacientes y expertos surgen en un contexto de preocupación generalizada por los problemas ambientales, en donde el consumo excesivo de medicamentos juega un rol importante y las acciones en torno al manejo de los residuos contribuyen a configurar el campo de representación. Se observó una preeminencia de las técnicas de descontaminación y recolección de residuos como abordaje de la problemática, así como una discusión respecto a elementos preventivos para garantizar mejores condiciones de salud y el uso adecuado de los medicamentos. Tanto las aproximaciones a la contaminación ambiental por medicamentos como las representaciones sociales, dan cuenta de múltiples elementos que se relacionan y generan un problema complejo, que requiere profundizar en los aspectos sociales desde abordajes interdisciplinarios. Los resultados de esta investigación pueden tener implicaciones para aquellas personas interesadas en comprender y potencialmente cambiar el discurso que subyace al tema y para proponer intervenciones en el abordaje de esta problemática. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractEnvironmental pollution caused by the active pharmaceutical ingredients is a growing global concern that poses risks to public health and the environment. It is an interdisciplinary research area, and an approach based on the theory of social representations might contribute to generating proposals for addressing it. This study aimed to describe and interpret social representations of environmental pollution caused by pharmaceuticals by patients and drug experts in Bogotá, D.C. A qualitative study was conducted, using the perspective and contributions of social representations, encompassing concepts such as medicalization, medicamentalization, and problems related to the social dynamics involving pharmaceuticals. Through a scoping review, focus groups with patients, in-depth interviews with experts, and thematic analysis, thirteen approaches and two social representations of environmental pollution caused by pharmaceuticals were defined. The analysis of the data led to the conclusion that the representations of patients and experts arise in a context of widespread concern about environmental problems, where excessive consumption of medications plays an important role and actions related to waste management contribute to shaping the field of representation. Decontamination and waste collection techniques were observed as a predominant approach to the problem, as well as a discussion regarding preventive measures to ensure better health conditions and the proper use of medications. Both the approaches to environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals and the social representations reflect multiple interrelated elements that generate a complex problem, requiring a deeper understanding of social aspects from interdisciplinary perspectives. The results of this research may have implications for those interested in understanding and potentially changing the discourse underlying the issue and proposing interventions to address this problem.eng
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Salud Públicaspa
dc.description.methodsSe llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo, desde el enfoque y aportes de las representaciones sociales, abarcando conceptos como la medicalización, la medicamentalización y los problemas relacionados con la dinámica social que involucra a los medicamentos. A través de una revisión de alcance, grupos focales con pacientes, entrevistas en profundidad con expertos y análisis temático, se definieron trece aproximaciones y dos representaciones sociales sobre la contaminación ambiental por medicamentos.spa
dc.description.researchareaAnálisis crítico del consumismo en saludspa
dc.description.sponsorshipPrograma de Apoyo a la Formación Doctoral (PAFD), realizado en el marco del convenio específico entre Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo (ZEF) de la Universidad de Bonn y el Instituto de Estudios Ambientales (IDEA) de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. El convenio es financiado por el Servicio Alemán de Intercambio Académico (DAAD, por sus siglas en alemán) y el Ministerio Federal de Cooperación Económica y Desarrollo (BMZ, por sus siglas en alemán).spa
dc.format.extentxvii, 225 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89060
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentDoctorado Interfacultades en Salud Públicaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Doctorado en Salud Públicaspa
dc.relation.indexedBiremespa
dc.relation.referencesAbraham, J. (2010). Pharmaceuticalization of society in context: Theoretical, empirical and health dimensions. Sociology, 44(4), 603–622. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038510369368
dc.relation.referencesAdeleye, A. S., Xue, J., Zhao, Y., Taylor, A. A., Zenobio, J. E., Sun, Y., Han, Z., Salawu, O. A., & Zhu, Y. (2022). Abundance, fate, and effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments. Journal of hazardous materials, 424(Pt B), 127284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127284
dc.relation.referencesAguirre, E. (2004). Representaciones sociales y análisis del comportamiento social. En E. Aguirre & J. Yánez (Eds.), Diálogos 3. Discusiones en la Psicología Contemporánea. (pp. 11–25). Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
dc.relation.referencesAim, M., Decarsin, T., Bovina, I., & Dany, L. (2018). Health and Social Representations: A Structural Approach. Papers on Social Representatations, 27(1), 3.1-3.21.
dc.relation.referencesAnjanapriya, S., SulaimanMumtaz, M., Mohideen, M. H. A. K., Radha, A., Sasirekha, N., Sawicka, B., & Tamizhazhagan, V. (2021). Pharmaceutical Pollution Crisis in the World: A Menace to Ecosystem. Entomology and Applied Science Letters, 8(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.51847/iuggphofkk
dc.relation.referencesANLA. (2023). Informe de gestión y sostenibilidad GRI 2022 (p. 486).
dc.relation.referencesAristizabal-Ciro, C., Botero-Coy, A. M., López, F. J., & Peñuela, G. A. (2017). Monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal care products in reservoir water used for drinking water supply. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(8), 7335–7347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8253-1
dc.relation.referencesArksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
dc.relation.referencesArnold, K. E., Brown, A. R., Ankley, G. T., & Sumpter, J. P. (2014). Medicating the environment: assessing risks of pharmaceuticals to wildlife and ecosystems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369(1656). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0569
dc.relation.referencesaus der Beek, T., Weber, F.-A., Bergmann, A., Hickmann, S., Ebert, I., Hein, A., & Küster, A. (2016). Pharmaceuticals in the environment--Global occurrences and perspectives. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 35(4), 823–835. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3339
dc.relation.referencesBabuji, P., Thirumalaisamy, S., Duraisamy, K., & Periyasamy, G. (2023). Human Health Risks due to Exposure to Water Pollution: A Review. Water 2023, Vol. 15, Page 2532, 15(14), 2532. https://doi.org/10.3390/W15142532
dc.relation.referencesBaker, S. E., & Edwards, R. (2012). How many qualitative interviews is enough ? National Centre for Research Methods Review Paper, 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
dc.relation.referencesBanchs, M. A. (2000). Aproximaciones Procesuales y Estructurales al estudio de las Representaciones Sociales. Papers on Social Representations, 9, 1–15.
dc.relation.referencesBarcellos, D. da S., Procopiuck, M., & Bollmann, H. A. (2022). Management of pharmaceutical micropollutants discharged in urban waters: 30 years of systematic review looking at opportunities for developing countries. Science of The Total Environment, 809, 151128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151128
dc.relation.referencesBatel, S., Castro, P., Devine-Wright, P., & Howarth, C. (2016). Developing a critical agenda to understand pro-environmental actions: contributions from Social Representations and Social Practices Theories. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 7(5), 727–745. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.417
dc.relation.referencesBatucan, N. S. P., Tremblay, L. A., Northcott, G. L., & Matthaei, C. D. (2022). Medicating the environment? A critical review on the risks of carbamazepine, diclofenac and ibuprofen to aquatic organisms. Environmental Advances, 7, 100164. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVADV.2021.100164
dc.relation.referencesBianco, G., Foti, L., Pascale, R., Lelario, F., Coviello, D., Brienza, M., Bufo, S. A., & Scrano, L. (2021). Phosphodiesterase-5 (Pde-5) inhibitors as emergent environmental contaminants: Advanced remediation and analytical methods. Water, 13(20), 2859. https://doi.org/10.3390/W13202859
dc.relation.referencesBloom, R. A., & Matheson III, J. C. (1993). Environmental assessment of avermectins by the US Food and Drug Administration. En Veterinary Parasitology (Vol. 48, Números 1–4, pp. 281–294).
dc.relation.referencesBorgucci, E. (2005). Las representaciones sociales y el realismo. Opción, 21(47), 158–178.
dc.relation.referencesBotero-Coy, A. M., Martínez-Pachón, D., Boix, C., Rincón, R. J., Castillo, N., Arias-Marín, L. P., Manrique-Losada L., Torres-Palma R., Moncayo-Lasso A., & Hernández F. (2018). An investigation into the occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals in Colombian wastewater. Science of the Total Environment, 642, 842–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.088
dc.relation.referencesBoxall, A. B. A., Rudd, M. A., Brooks, B. W., Caldwell, D. J., Choi, K., Hickmann, S., Innes, E., Ostapyk, K., Staveley, J. P., Verslycke, T., Ankley, G. T., Beazley, K. F., Belanger, S. E., Berninger, J. P., Carriquiriborde, P., Coors, A., Deleo, P. C., Dyer, S. D., Ericson, J. F., … Van Der Kraak, G. (2012). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: what are the big questions? Environmental health perspectives, 120(9), 1221–1229. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104477
dc.relation.referencesBranchet, P., Arpin-Pont, L., Piram, A., Boissery, P., Wong-Wah-Chung, P., & Doumenq, P. (2021). Pharmaceuticals in the marine environment: What are the present challenges in their monitoring? Science of the total environment, 766, 142644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142644
dc.relation.referencesBraun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
dc.relation.referencesBrodin, T., Fick, J., Jonsson, M., & Klaminder, J. (2013). Dilute concentrations of a psychiatric drug alter behavior of fish from natural populations. Science, 339(6121), 814–815. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1226850
dc.relation.referencesBusfield, J. (2010). “A pill for every ill”: Explaining the expansion in medicine use. Social Science and Medicine, 70(6), 934–941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.068
dc.relation.referencesBusfield, J. (2015). Assessing the overuse of medicines. Social Science and Medicine, 131, 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.061
dc.relation.referencesCaban, M., & Stepnowski, P. (2021). How to decrease pharmaceuticals in the environment? A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19(4), 3115–3138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01194-y
dc.relation.referencesCabral de Barros, J. A. (2010). Ampliação de espaços para “medicalização”: instrumento para o desfrute de melhores níveis de saúde? En S. Caponi, M. Verdi, F. Stolf Brzozowzki, & F. Hellmann (Eds.), Medicalização da vida. Ética, saúde pública e indústria farmacêutica (pp. 89–95). Ed. Unisul.
dc.relation.referencesCaillaud, S. (2023). Social Representations Theory : a Dialogical Approach to the Ecological Crisis. Papers on Social Representations, 55(2), 297–317.
dc.relation.referencesCaldwell, D. J., Mastrocco, F., Margiotta-Casaluci, L., & Brooks, B. W. (2014). An integrated approach for prioritizing pharmaceuticals found in the environment for risk assessment, monitoring and advanced research. Chemosphere, 115(1), 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.021
dc.relation.referencesCallaghan, P., Moloney, G., & Blair, D. (2011). Contagion in the Representational Field of Water Recycling: Informing New Environment Practice Through Social Representation Theory. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.1101
dc.relation.referencesCamacho Silvas, L. A. (2023). Resistencia bacteriana, una crisis actual. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 97(20 de febrero de 2023), 10.
dc.relation.referencesCampo-Redondo, M., & Reverol, C. L. (2009). La teoría fundamentada en el estudio empírico de las representaciones sociales: Un caso sobre el rol orientador del docente. Opción, 25(60), 41–54.
dc.relation.referencesCarlsson, C., Johansson, A.-K., Alvan, G., Bergman, K., & Kühler, T. (2006). Are pharmaceuticals potent environmental pollutants? Part I: environmental risk assessments of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients. Science of the total environment, 364(1–3), 67–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.06.035
dc.relation.referencesCastleberry, A., & Nolen, A. (2018). Thematic analysis of qualitative research data: Is it as easy as it sounds? Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 10(6), 807–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2018.03.019
dc.relation.referencesCastro, P. (2006). Applying social psychology to the study of environmental concern and environmental worldviews: Contributions from the social representations approach. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 16(4), 247–266. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.864
dc.relation.referencesChaturvedi, P., Shukla, P., Giri, B. S., Chowdhary, P., Chandra, R., Gupta, P., & Pandey, A. (2021). Prevalence and hazardous impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products and antibiotics in environment: A review on emerging contaminants. Environmental research, 194(110664), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110664
dc.relation.referencesChaves, M. de J. S., Kulzer, J., Pujol de Lima, P. da R., Barbosa, S. C., & Primel, E. G. (2022). Updated knowledge, partitioning and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in global aquatic environments. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 24(11), 1982–2008. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00132B
dc.relation.referencesChen, Z., Lian, J. Z., Zhu, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Xiang, X., Huang, D., Tjokro, K., Barbarossa, V., Cucurachi, S., & Dong, B. (2024). Application of Life Cycle Assessment in the pharmaceutical industry: A critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 459, 142550. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2024.142550
dc.relation.referencesChia, M. A., Lorenzi, A. S., Ameh, I., Dauda, S., Cordeiro-Araújo, M. K., Agee, J. T., Okpanachi, I. Y., & Adesalu, A. T. (2021). Susceptibility of phytoplankton to the increasing presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the aquatic environment: A review. Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 234, 105809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105809
dc.relation.referencesClarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 297–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262613
dc.relation.referencesCohen, N., & Gómez Rojas, G. (2019). Metodología de la investigación, ¿para qué? La producción de los datos y los diseños (1a ed.). Editorial Teseo.
dc.relation.referencesComisión Europea. (2019). Comunicación de la Comisión al Parlamento europeo, al Consejo y al Comité económico y social europeo. Enfoque estratégico de la Unión Europea en materia de productos farmacéuticos en el medio ambiente.
dc.relation.referencesConrad, P. (1992). Medicalization and social control. Annual review of Sociology, 18(1), 209–232. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.18.080192.001233
dc.relation.referencesConrad, P., Mackie, T., & Mehrotra, A. (2010). Estimating the costs of medicalization. Social Science and Medicine, 70(12), 1943–1947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.019
dc.relation.referencesCuevas, Y. (2016). Recomendaciones para el estudio de representaciones sociales en investigación educativa. Cultura y representaciones sociales, 11(21), 109–140.
dc.relation.referencesda Silva, V. W. P., Figueira, K. L., da Silva, F. G., Zagui, G. S., & Meschede, M. S. C. (2023). Descarte de medicamentos e os impactos ambientais: uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 28(4), 1113–1123. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023284.05752022
dc.relation.referencesDallinger, D., & Kappe, C. O. (2017). Why flow means green – Evaluating the merits of continuous processing in the context of sustainability. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 7, 6–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2017.06.003
dc.relation.referencesDaniels, K. D. D., Park, M., Huang, Z., Jia, A., Flores, G. S. S., Lee, H. K. K., & Snyder, S. A. A. (2020). A review of extraction methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental waters. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 50(21), 2271–2299. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1705723
dc.relation.referencesDao, K. C., Yang, C. C., Chen, K. F., & Tsai, Y. P. (2020). Recent Trends in Removal Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products by Electrochemical Oxidation and Combined Systems. Water 2020, Vol. 12, Page 1043, 12(4), 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/W12041043
dc.relation.referencesDas, M. K. K., Das, S., & Srivastava, P. K. K. (2023). An overview on the prevalence and potential impact of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11569-z
dc.relation.referencesDaughton, C. G. (2016). Pharmaceuticals and the Environment (PiE): Evolution and impact of the published literature revealed by bibliometric analysis. Science of the total environment, 562, 391–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.109
dc.relation.referencesDe la Cuesta-Benjumea, C., & Arredondo-González, C. P. (2015). Analizar cualitativamente: de las consideraciones generales al pensamiento reflexivo. Index Enferm (Gran), 24(3), 154–158. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1132-12962015000200008
dc.relation.referencesde Oliveira Souza, H., Costa, R. dos S., Quadra, G. R., & dos Santos Fernandez, M. A. (2021). Pharmaceutical pollution and sustainable development goals: Going the right way? Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 21(April), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2021.100428
dc.relation.referencesde Souza, R. B., & Guimarães, J. R. (2022). Effects of Avermectins on the Environment Based on Its Toxicity to Plants and Soil Invertebrates-a Review. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 233, 259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05744-0
dc.relation.referencesDíaz-Bravo, L., Torruco-García, U., Martínez-Hernández, M., & Varela-Ruiz, M. (2013). La entrevista, recurso flexible y dinámico. Investigación en educación médica, 2(7), 162–167.
dc.relation.referencesDNP-DDS-DDE, Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social-MSPS, Ministerio de Comercio Industria y Turismo, Ministerio de Educación Nacional, Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, T. e I. – C., Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos – INVIMA, & Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje – SENA. (2012). Documento CONPES Social 155: Politica Farmaceutica Nacional (p. 49).
dc.relation.referencesDurkheim, E. (1898). Representaciones individuales y representaciones colectivas (pp. 27–58).
dc.relation.referencesDuveen, G., & de Rosa, A. S. (1992). Social Representations and the genesis of social knowledge. Papers on Social Representations, 1(2–3), 94–108.
dc.relation.referencesEniola, J. O., Kumar, R., Barakat, M. A., & Rashid, J. (2022). A review on conventional and advanced hybrid technologies for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 356, 131826. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.131826
dc.relation.referencesFallah, Z., Zare, E. N. E. N., Ghomi, M., Ahmadijokani, F., Amini, M., Tajbakhsh, M., Arjmand, M., Sharma, G., Ali, H., Ahmad, A., Makvandi, P., Lichtfouse, E., Sillanpää, M., Varma, R. S. R. S., Makvandi, P., Lichtfouse, E., Sillanpää, M., & Varma, R. S. R. S. (2021). Toxicity and remediation of pharmaceuticals and pesticides using metal oxides and carbon nanomaterials. Chemosphere, 275. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2021.130055
dc.relation.referencesFarr, R. M. (1995). Representations of health, illness and handicap in the mass media of communication: a theoretical overview. En I. Marková & R. M. Farr (Eds.), Representations of health, illness and handicap (pp. 3–30). Harwood Academic.
dc.relation.referencesFekadu, S., Alemayehu, E., Dewil, R., & Van der Bruggen, B. (2019). Pharmaceuticals in freshwater aquatic environments: A comparison of the African and European challenge. The Science of the total environment, 654, 324–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.072
dc.relation.referencesFernández, C. (2013, mayo 15). La resistencia a los antibióticos. El Tiempo.
dc.relation.referencesFernández Núñez, L. (2006). ¿Cómo analizar datos cualitativos? (pp. 1–13). Universitat de Barcelona.
dc.relation.referencesFigari, H. (2022). Representing nature. The concept of social representations in sociological studies of conflicts over wildlife and nature. University of Oslo.
dc.relation.referencesFoucault, M. (1977). Historia de la medicalización. Educación médica y salud, 11(1), 3–24.
dc.relation.referencesGabe, J. (2014). Pharmaceuticalization. En The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society (1a ed., pp. 1–6). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118410868
dc.relation.referencesGalli, I., & Fasanelli, R. (2020). Public understanding of science and common sense : Social representations of the human microbiome among the expert and non-expert public. Health Psychology Open, 1(January-June), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102920913239
dc.relation.referencesGifford, R., & Sussman, R. (2012). Environmental Attitudes. En The Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology (Número March 2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733026.013.0004
dc.relation.referencesGomes, I. B. B., Maillard, J.-Y., Simões, L. C. C., & Simões, M. (2020). Emerging contaminants affect the microbiome of water systems—strategies for their mitigation. npj Clean Water, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-020-00086-y
dc.relation.referencesGonzález-González, R. B., Sharma, P., Singh, S. P., Américo-Pinheiro, J. H. P., Parra-Saldívar, R., Bilal, M., & Iqbal, H. M. N. (2022). Persistence, environmental hazards, and mitigation of pharmaceutically active residual contaminants from water matrices. Science of the Total Environment, 821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153329
dc.relation.referencesGonzález Peña, O. I., López Zavala, M. Á., & Cabral Ruelas, H. (2021). Pharmaceuticals market, consumption trends and disease incidence are not driving the pharmaceutical research on water and wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052532
dc.relation.referencesGracia-Lor, E., Martínez, M., Sancho, J. V., Peñuela, G., & Hernández, F. (2012). Multi-class determination of personal care products and pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewater samples by ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta, 99, 1011–1023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.091
dc.relation.referencesGrupo Río Bogotá. (2022, agosto 25). ¿Dónde botar los medicamentos y sus empaques para no afectar los ecosistemas? Semana.
dc.relation.referencesGwenzi, W., Simbanegavi, T. T. T., & Rzymski, P. (2023). Household Disposal of Pharmaceuticals in Low-Income Settings: Practices, Health Hazards, and Research Needs. Water (Switzerland), 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030476
dc.relation.referencesGworek, B., Kijeńska, M., Wrzosek, J., & Graniewska, M. (2021). Pharmaceuticals in the Soil and Plant Environment: a Review. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 232(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04954-8
dc.relation.referencesHashim, N., Yuzir, A., Al-Qaim, F. F., & Yahaya, N. K. E. M. (2021). Occurrence and Distribution of 17 Targeted Human Pharmaceuticals in Various Aquatic Environmental Matrices in Southeast Asia with Particular Reference to Malaysia: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, 65(3), 434–456. https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v65i3.1487
dc.relation.referencesHasni, N. A. K., Anual, Z. F. F., Rashid, S. A. A., Syed Abu Thahir, S., Veloo, Y., Fang, K. S. S., Mazeli, M. I. I., Hasni, N. A. K., Anual, Z. F. F., Rashid, S. A. A., Abu Thahir, S. S., Veloo, Y., Fang, K. S. S., & Mazeli, M. I. I. (2023). Occurrence of endocrine disruptors in Malaysia’s water systems: A scoping review. Environmental Pollution, 324(121095). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121095
dc.relation.referencesHejna, M., Kapuścińska, D., & Aksmann, A. (2022). Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Review on Eco-Toxicology and the Remediation Potential of Algae. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137717
dc.relation.referencesHernández, F., Ibáñez, M., Botero-Coy, A.-M., Bade, R., Bustos-López, M. C., Rincón, J., Moncayo, A., & Bijlsma, L. (2015). LC-QTOF MS screening of more than 1,000 licit and illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater and surface waters from the area of Bogotá, Colombia. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 407(21), 6405–6416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8796-x
dc.relation.referencesHossein, M., Asha, R., Bakari, R., Islam, N. F., Jiang, G., & Sarma, H. (2023). Exploring eco-friendly approaches for mitigating pharmaceutical and personal care products in aquatic ecosystems: A sustainability assessment. Chemosphere, 316, 137715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137715
dc.relation.referencesHuang, S. K., Yu, J. P., Li, C., Zhu, Q. J., Zhang, Y. S., Lichtfouse, E., & Marmier, N. (2022). The Effect Review of Various Biological, Physical and Chemical Methods on the Removal of Antibiotics. WATER, 14(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193138
dc.relation.referencesHughes, S. R., Kay, P., & Brown, L. E. (2013). Global synthesis and critical evaluation of pharmaceutical data sets collected from river systems. Environmental Science and Technology, 47, 661–677. https://doi.org/10.1021/es3030148
dc.relation.referencesHusain Khan, A., Abdul Aziz, H., Palaniandy, P., Naushad, M., Cevik, E., & Zahmatkesh, S. (2023). Pharmaceutical residues in the ecosystem: Antibiotic resistance, health impacts, and removal techniques. Chemosphere, 339, 139647. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2023.139647
dc.relation.referencesIllich, I. (1975). Némesis médica. La expropiación de la salud (Barral Editores (ed.)). Barral Editores.
dc.relation.referencesJodelet, D. (2008). Social representations: The beautiful invention. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 38(4), 411–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2008.00383.x
dc.relation.referencesJodelet, D. (1986). (1986). La representación social: fenómenos, concepto y teoría. En S. Moscovici (Ed.), Psicología social II, Pensamiento y vida social (pp. 469–494). Paidós.
dc.relation.referencesJoffe, H. (2011). Thematic Analysis. En D. Harper & A. R. Thompson (Eds.), Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health and Psychotherapy: A Guide for Students and Practitioners (pp. 209–223). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119973249.ch15
dc.relation.referencesJones, O. A. H., Voulvoulis, N., & Lester, J. N. (2003). Potential impact of pharmaceuticals on environmental health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81(10), 768–769. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0042-96862003001000015
dc.relation.referencesJovchelovitch, S. (2001). Social representations, public life, and social construction. Representations of the social: Bridging theoretical traditions, 165–182.
dc.relation.referencesJovchelovitch, S. (2002). Re-thinking the diversity of knowledge: cognitive polyphasia, belief and representation. London: LSE Research Online, 10.
dc.relation.referencesKaji, M. (2012). Role of experts and public participation in pollution control: The case of Itai-itai disease in Japan. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 12(2), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00126
dc.relation.referencesKhan, A. H., Aziz, H. A., Khan, N. A., Hasan, M. A., Ahmed, S., Farooqi, I. H., Dhingra, A., Vambol, V., Changani, F., Yousefi, M., Islam, S., Mozaffari, N., & Mahtab, M. S. (2022). Impact, disease outbreak and the eco-hazards associated with pharmaceutical residues: a Critical review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(1), 677–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03158-9
dc.relation.referencesKhan, H. K., Rehman, M. Y. A., & Malik, R. N. (2020). Fate and toxicity of pharmaceuticals in water environment: An insight on their occurrence in South Asia. Journal of environmental management, 271(111030), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111030
dc.relation.referencesKhan, S., Naushad, M., Govarthanan, M., Iqbal, J., & Alfadul, S. M. (2022). Emerging contaminants of high concern for the environment: Current trends and future research. Environmental Research, 207, 112609. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVRES.2021.112609
dc.relation.referencesKıdak, R., & Doğan, Ş. (2018). Medium-high frequency ultrasound and ozone based advanced oxidation for amoxicillin removal in water. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 40, 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ULTSONCH.2017.01.033
dc.relation.referencesKock, A., Glanville, H. C., Law, A. C., Stanton, T., Carter, L. J., & Taylor, J. C. (2023). Emerging challenges of the impacts of pharmaceuticals on aquatic ecosystems: A diatom perspective. Science of the total environment, 878, 162939. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162939
dc.relation.referencesKotwani, A., Joshi, J., & Kaloni, D. (2021). Pharmaceutical effluent: a critical link in the interconnected ecosystem promoting antimicrobial resistance. Environmental science and pollution research international. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14178-w
dc.relation.referencesKucharski, D., Nałęcz-Jawecki, G., Drzewicz, P., Skowronek, A., Mianowicz, K., Strzelecka, A., & Giebułtowicz, J. (2022). The assessment of environmental risk related to the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in bottom sediments of the Odra River estuary (SW Baltic Sea). Science of The Total Environment, 828, 154446. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154446
dc.relation.referencesKumar, R., Qureshi, M., Vishwakarma, D. K., Al-Ansari, N., Kuriqi, A., Elbeltagi, A., & Saraswat, A. (2022). A review on emerging water contaminants and the application of sustainable removal technologies. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 6, 100219. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CSCEE.2022.100219
dc.relation.referencesKümmerer, K. (2010a). Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 35(1), 57–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-052809-161223
dc.relation.referencesKümmerer, K. (2010b). Why Green and Sustainable Pharmacy? En K. Kümmerer & M. Hempel (Eds.), Green and Sustainable Pharmacy (1a ed., p. 315). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05199-9_1
dc.relation.referencesKurade, M. B. M. B., Ha, Y.-H. Y. H., Xiong, J.-Q. J. Q., Govindwar, S. P. S. P., Jang, M., & Jeon, B. H. B.-H. (2021). Phytoremediation as a green biotechnology tool for emerging environmental pollution: A step forward towards sustainable rehabilitation of the environment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 415, 129040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129040
dc.relation.referencesKusturica, M. P., Jevtic, M., & Ristovski, J. T. (2022). Minimizing the environmental impact of unused pharmaceuticals: Review focused on prevention. FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1077974
dc.relation.referencesLarsson, D. G. J. (2014). Pollution from drug manufacturing: Review and perspectives. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369(1656). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0571
dc.relation.referencesLertxundi, U., Domingo-Echaburu, S., & Orive, G. (2020). It’s about time healthcare professionals and academics start thinking about drug pollution. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 16(May), 100278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2020.100278
dc.relation.referencesLockwood, S., Saïdi, N., & Morgan, V. A. (2016). Options for a strategic approach to pharmaceuticals in the environment - Task 1 Report (Número September).
dc.relation.referencesLukes, S. (1971). Prolegomena to the Interpretation of Durkheim. European Journal of Sociology, 12(2), 183–209. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975600002290
dc.relation.referencesMachado Beltrán, M. A., Orozco Díaz, J. G., Ballesteros Cabrera, M. del P., & Nava Harker, D. E. (2023). Representaciones sociales del medicamento genérico en pacientes adultos polimedicados de Bogotá. Revista Cubana de Salud Pública, 50(e15919 Resultados:), 20.
dc.relation.referencesMambet Doue, C., Navarro Carrascal, O., Restrepo, D., Krien, N., Rommel, D., Lemee, C., Coquet, M., Mercier, D., & Fleury-Bahi, G. (2020). The social representations of climate change: comparison of two territories exposed to the coastal flooding risk. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 12(3), 389–406. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-11-2019-0064
dc.relation.referencesMarková, I. (2015). On Thematic Concepts and Methodological (Epistemological) Themata. Papers On Social Representations, 24(2), 4.1-4.31.
dc.relation.referencesMarková, I. (2017). The making of the theory of social representations. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 47(163), 358–374.
dc.relation.referencesMartelo Payares, J. M., Sánchez Buitrago, M. del P., Zambrano Chávez, W. A., Gómez Vargas, M. T., Castañeda González, F., Grajales Bustos, D. C., Guerrero Vélez, D. E., Copete Rivera, D. A., & Jaramillo Zapata, M. (2024). Informe Sectorial de los Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios de Acueducto y Alcantarillado Vigencia 2023.
dc.relation.referencesMaturo, A. (2012). Medicalization: Current concept and future directions in a bionic society. Sociology and Biomedicine, 10(1), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1229.91587
dc.relation.referencesMcEachran, A. D., Blackwell, B. R., Hanson, J. D., Wooten, K. J., Mayer, G. D., Cox, S. B., & Smith, P. N. (2015). Antibiotics, bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes: Aerial transport from cattle feed yards via particulate matter. Environmental Health Perspectives, 123(4), 337–343. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408555
dc.relation.referencesMegale, J. D., & De Souza, D. (2023). New approaches in antibiotics detection: The use of square wave voltammetry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115526
dc.relation.referencesMeneu, R. (2018). La medicalización de la vida y la reciente emergencia de la “medicamentalización”. Farmacia Hospitalaria, 42(4), 174–179. https://doi.org/10.7399/fh.11064
dc.relation.referencesMesa Melgarejo, L. (2018). Configuración del campo de consumo relacionado con la atención en salud en Bogotá, 1980-2014. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
dc.relation.referencesMezzelani, M., & Regoli, F. (2022). The Biological Effects of Pharmaceuticals in the Marine Environment. Annual Review of Marine Science, 14(May), 105–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040821-075606
dc.relation.referencesMiarov, O., Tal, A., & Avisar, D. (2020). A critical evaluation of comparative regulatory strategies for monitoring pharmaceuticals in recycled wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management, 254(Article 109794). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109794
dc.relation.referencesMiettinen, M., & Khan, S. A. (2022). Pharmaceutical pollution: A weakly regulated global environmental risk. Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law, 31(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12422
dc.relation.referencesMigliore, L., Cozzolino, S., & Fiori, M. (2003). Phytotoxicity to and uptake of enrofloxacin in crop plants. Chemosphere, 52(7), 1233–1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00272-8
dc.relation.referencesMiller, T. H., Bury, N. R., Owen, S. F., MacRae, J. I., & Barron, L. P. (2018). A review of the pharmaceutical exposome in aquatic fauna. Environmental Pollution, 239, 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2018.04.012
dc.relation.referencesMinAmbiente. (2009). Resolución 371 de 2009. Por la cual se establecen los elementos que deben ser considerados en los Planes de Gestión de Devolución de Productos Posconsumo de Fármacos o Medicamentos Vencidos (Número 0371, pp. 1–9). Diario Oficial 47,281- 04 de marzo de 2009.
dc.relation.referencesMinAmbiente. (2015). Decreto 1076 de 2015. Por medio del cual se expide el Decreto Único Reglamentario del Sector Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible.
dc.relation.referencesMinAmbiente. (2023a). Gestión de residuos posconsumo. Boletín sobre los avances en la recolección y cobertura geográfica de los planes de gestión de devolución de productos posconsumo y de los sistemas de recolección selectiva y gestión ambiental (p. 11).
dc.relation.referencesMinAmbiente. (2023b). Tratados Internacionales. Asuntos internacionales. https://www.minambiente.gov.co/asuntos-internacionales/tratados-internacionales/
dc.relation.referencesMinSalud. (1986). Decreto 2092 de 1986. Por el cual se reglamentan parcialmente los Títulos VI y XI de la ley 09 de 1979, en cuanto a Elaboración, Envase o Empaque, Almacenamiento, Transporte y Expendio de medicamentos, Cosméticos y Similares.
dc.relation.referencesMinVivienda. (2022). Plan Nacional de Manejo de Aguas Residuales Municipales.
dc.relation.referencesMojiri, A., Zhou, J. L., Ratnaweera, H., Rezania, S., & Nazari V, M. (2022). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments and their removal by algae-based systems. Chemosphere, 288(Pt 2), 132580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132580
dc.relation.referencesMonapathi, M. E., Oguegbulu, J. C., Adogo, L., Klink, M., Okoli, B., Mtunzi, F., & Modise, J. S. (2021). Pharmaceutical pollution: Azole antifungal drugs and resistance of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts in wastewater and environmental water. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9985398
dc.relation.referencesMonsalve, M. M. (2022, marzo 17). Los 19 medicamentos que contaminan el río Cauca. El.
dc.relation.referencesMora, M. (2002). La teoría de las representaciones sociales de Serge Moscovici. Athenea digital, 2, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/2802632
dc.relation.referencesMoreno Ríos, A. L., Gutierrez-Suarez, K., Carmona, Z., Ramos, C. G., & Silva Oliveira, L. F. (2022). Pharmaceuticals as emerging pollutants: Case naproxen an overview. Chemosphere, 291, 132822. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2021.132822
dc.relation.referencesMorin-Crini, N., Lichtfouse, E., Liu, G., Balaram, V., Ribeiro, A. R. L., Lu, Z., Stock, F., Carmona, E., Teixeira, M. R., Picos-Corrales, L. A., Moreno-Piraján, J. C., Giraldo, L., Li, C., Pandey, A., Hocquet, D., Torri, G., & Crini, G. (2022). Worldwide cases of water pollution by emerging contaminants: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 2022 20:4, 20(4), 2311–2338. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01447-4
dc.relation.referencesMoscovici, S. (1979). El psicoanálisis, su imagen y su público (N. M. Finetti, Trans.). Editorial Huemul S.A. (Trabajo original publicado en 1961).
dc.relation.referencesMulinari, S. (2016). Regulating Pharmaceutical Industry Marketing: Development, Enforcement, and Outcome of Marketing Rules. Sociology Compass, 10(1), 74–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12335
dc.relation.referencesMunn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. Medical Research Methodology, 18(143), 7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x
dc.relation.referencesMurguía, A., Ordorika, T., & Lendo, L. F. (2016). El estudio de los procesos de medicalización en América Latina. História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos, 23(3), 635–651. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-59702016005000009
dc.relation.referencesNaeem, M., Ozuem, W., Howell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023). A Step-by-Step Process of Thematic Analysis to Develop a Conceptual Model in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22(October), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231205789
dc.relation.referencesNarayanan, M., El-sheekh, M., Ma, Y., Pugazhendhi, A., Natarajan, D., Kandasamy, G., Raja, R., Saravana Kumar, R. M., Kumarasamy, S., Sathiyan, G., Geetha, R., Paulraj, B., Liu, G., & Kandasamy, S. (2022). Current status of microbes involved in the degradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem. Environmental Pollution, 300, 118922. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118922
dc.relation.referencesNash, J. P., Kime, D. E., Van der Ven, L. T. M., Wester, P. W., Brion, F., Maack, G., Stahlschmidt-Allner, P., & Tyler, C. R. (2004). Long-Term Exposure to Environmental Concentrations of the Pharmaceutical Ethynylestradiol Causes Reproductive Failure in Fish. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(17), 1725–1733. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7209
dc.relation.referencesNavarro, O. (2013). Representación social del medio ambiente y de la contaminación del aire: efecto de imbricación de dos objetos. Revista CES Psicología, 6(1), 104–121.
dc.relation.referencesNgqwala, N. P., & Muchesa, P. (2020). Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments: A review and potential impacts in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 116(7–8), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2020/5730
dc.relation.referencesNguyen, M. K., Lin, C., Nguyen, H. L., Hung, N. T. Q., La, D. D., Nguyen, X. H., Chang, S. W., Chung, W. J., & Nguyen, D. D. (2023). Occurrence, fate, and potential risk of pharmaceutical pollutants in agriculture: Challenges and environmentally friendly solutions. Science of The Total Environment, 899, 165323. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2023.165323
dc.relation.referencesNichols, A., Maynard, V., Goodman, B., & Richardson, J. (2009). Health, Climate Change and Sustainability: A systematic Review and Thematic Analysis of the Literature. Environmental Health Insights, 3. https://doi.org/10.4137/EHI.S3003
dc.relation.referencesNikolaou, A., Meric, S., & Fatta, D. (2007). Occurrence patterns of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 387(4), 1225–1234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-1035-8
dc.relation.referencesOaks, J. L., Gilbert, M., Virani, M. Z., Watson, R. T., Meteyer, C. U., Rideout, B. A., Shivaprasad, H. L., Ahmed, S., Chaudhry, M. J. I., Arshad, M., Mahmood, S., Ali, A., & Ahmed, A. (2004). Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in Pakistan. Nature, 427(6975), 630–633. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02317
dc.relation.referencesOCDE. (2018). Pharmaceutical Innovation and Access to Medicines. En OECD Health Policy Studies (p. 192). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264307391-en
dc.relation.referencesOECD. (2019). Pharmaceutical Residues in Freshwater: Hazards and Policy Responses. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/c936f42d-en
dc.relation.referencesOhoro, C. R., Adeniji, A. O., Okoh, A. I., & Okoh, O. O. (2019). Distribution and chemical analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environmental systems: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH16173026
dc.relation.referencesOkeke, E. S., Ezeorba, T. P. C., Okoye, C. O., Chen, Y., Mao, G., Feng, W., & Wu, X. (2022). Environmental and health impact of unrecovered API from pharmaceutical manufacturing wastes: A review of contemporary treatment, recycling and management strategies. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 30, 100865. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100865
dc.relation.referencesOMS. (s/f). Medicamentos. Health-topics. Recuperado el 8 de marzo de 2025, de https://www.who.int/es/health-topics/medicines#tab=tab_1
dc.relation.referencesOMS. (1985). Uso racional de los medicamentos : informe de la Conferencia de Expertos, Nairobi, 25-29 de noviembre de 1985.
dc.relation.referencesOMS. (2021). El grupo tripartito y el PNUMA respaldan la definición de «Una sola salud» proporcionada por el Cuadro de Expertos de Alto Nivel para el Enfoque de «Una sola salud». https://www.who.int/es/news/item/01-12-2021-tripartite-and-unep-support-ohhlep-s-definition-of-one-health
dc.relation.referencesOMS. (2023). Una sola salud. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/one-health
dc.relation.referencesOMS. (2024a). Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)#:~:text=La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una enfermedad pulmonar,dañar u obstruir los pulmones.
dc.relation.referencesOMS. (2024b). Productos médicos de calidad subestándar y falsificados. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/substandard-and-falsified-medical-products
dc.relation.referencesONU-HABITAT y OMS. (2021). Progreso en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales. Estado mundial y Necesidades de aceleración Del indicador 6.3.1. De los ODS. En Naciones Unidas y Organización Mundial de la Salud.
dc.relation.referencesONU. (s/f). Agua limpia y saneamiento. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/water-and-sanitation/
dc.relation.referencesONU. (1992). Declaración de Rio sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo. https://www.un.org/spanish/esa/sustdev/agenda21/riodeclaration.htm
dc.relation.referencesOPS. (s/f). Agua y saneamiento. https://doi.org/10.1787/4a7e30c6-es
dc.relation.referencesOrozco Díaz, J. G. (2012). De la farmacovigilancia al monitoreo crítico de los medicamentos. El proceso de registro de medicamentos en Colombia 2006. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
dc.relation.referencesOrtúzar, M., Esterhuizen, M., Olicón-Hernández, D. R., González-López, J., & Aranda, E. (2022). Pharmaceutical Pollution in Aquatic Environments: A Concise Review of Environmental Impacts and Bioremediation Systems. Frontiers in microbiology, 13, 869332. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.869332
dc.relation.referencesOuzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016). Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4
dc.relation.referencesPage, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Alonso-Fernández, S. (2021). Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista Española de Cardiología, 74(9), 790–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016
dc.relation.referencesParales Quenza, C. J. (2021). La teoría de las representaciones sociales y el estudio de la mentalidad colectiva. En C. J. Parales Quenza (Ed.), La psicología de la mentalidad colectiva (pp. 93–117). Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
dc.relation.referencesParra Salas, L. E. (2021). Determinación social de la inequidad en el acceso a los medicamentos biotecnológicos en el capitalismo cognitivo: el caso de la insulina recombinante en Colombia.
dc.relation.referencesPereira, A., Silva, L., Laranjeiro, C., Lino, C., & Pena, A. (2020a). Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I—Source, Fate and Occurrence. Molecules, 25(5), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051026
dc.relation.referencesPereira, A., Silva, L., Laranjeiro, C., Lino, C., & Pena, A. (2020b). Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part II—Toxicity and Environmental Risk Assessment. Molecules, 25(8), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081796
dc.relation.referencesPeters, M. D. J., Marnie, C., Tricco, A. C., Pollock, D., Munn, Z., Alexander, L., McInerney, P., Godfrey, C. M., & Khalil, H. (2020). Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 18(10), 2119–2126. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-20-00167
dc.relation.referencesPiñero Ramírez, S. L. (2012). La teoría de las representaciones sociales y la perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu: Una articulación conceptual. CPU-e, Revista de Investigación Educativa, 7, 33–51. https://doi.org/10.25009/cpue.v0i7.96
dc.relation.referencesPinto, I., Simões, M., & Gomes, I. B. B. I. B. (2022). An Overview of the Impact of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Microbial Communities. Antibiotics, 11(12), 1700. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121700
dc.relation.referencesPirsaheb, M., Hossaini, H., & Janjani, H. (2019). An overview on ultraviolet persulfate based advances oxidation process for removal of antibiotics from aqueous solutions: a systematic review. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 165, 382–395. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24559
dc.relation.referencesPurdom, C. E., Hardiman, P. A., Bye, V. V. J., Eno, N. C., Tyler, C. R., & Sumpter, J. P. (1994). Estrogenic effects of effluents from sewage treatment works. En Chemistry and Ecology (Vol. 8, Número 4, pp. 275–285).
dc.relation.referencesQuijano-Prieto, D. M., & Orozco-Díaz, J. G. (2025). La perspectiva salud-ambiente como herramienta para la ecofarmacovigilancia. Revista de Salud Pública, 27(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v27n1.111296
dc.relation.referencesQuijano-Prieto, D. M., Orozco-Díaz, J. G., & Holguín-Hernández, E. (2016). Conocimientos y prácticas de pacientes sobre disposición de medicamentos no consumidos. Aproximación a la ecofarmacovigilancia. Revista de Salud Pública, 18(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v18n1.44262
dc.relation.referencesRapley, T. (2014). Los análisis de la conversación, del discurso y de documentos en Investigación Cualitativa. Ediciones Morata.
dc.relation.referencesRatchnashree, S. R., Karmegam, N., Selvam, M., Manikandan, S., Deena, S. R., Subbaiya, R., Vickram, A. S., Kim, W., & Govarthanan, M. (2023). Advanced technologies for the determination of quantitative structure-activity relationships and degradation efficiency of micropollutants and their removal in water – A review. Science of The Total Environment, 904, 166563. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166563
dc.relation.referencesRateau, P., & Lo Monaco, G. (2013). La teoría de las representaciones sociales: orientaciones conceptuales, campos de aplicaciones y métodos. CES Psicología, 6(1), 22–42.
dc.relation.referencesRedacción Ambiente. (2022a, febrero 15). Peligrosa contaminación por medicamentos llegó a casi todos los ríos del mundo. El Espectador.
dc.relation.referencesRedacción Ambiente. (2022b, mayo 2). Detectan 58 compuestos farmacéuticos en una especie de pez que habita el mar Caribe. El Espectador.
dc.relation.referencesReis, E. O., Foureaux, A. F. S., Rodrigues, J. S., Moreira, V. R., Lebron, Y. A. R., Santos, L. V. S., Amaral, M. C. S., & Lange, L. C. (2019). Occurrence, removal and seasonal variation of pharmaceuticals in Brasilian drinking water treatment plants. Environmental Pollution, 250, 773–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.102
dc.relation.referencesRenedo, A., & Jovchelovitch, S. (2007). Expert knowledge, cognitive polyphasia and health: A study on social representations of homelessness among professionals working in the voluntary sector in London. Journal of Health Psychology, 12(5), 779–790. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105307080611
dc.relation.referencesRestrepo-Ochoa, D. (2013). La Teoría Fundamentada como metodología para la integración del análisis procesual y estructural en la investigación de las Representaciones Sociales. Revista CES Psicología, 6(1), 122–133.
dc.relation.referencesRodríguez de Ávila, U. E., Paba Barbosa, C., Paba Argote, Z. L., Obispo Salazar, K., & Cortés Miranda, S. (2019). Representaciones sociales del medio ambiente en estudiantes de educación media y superior de la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia. Diversitas, 15(2), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.15332/22563067.3678
dc.relation.referencesRogowska, J., & Zimmermann, A. (2022). Household Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal as a Global Problem—A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, Vol. 19, Page 15798, 19(23), 15798. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH192315798
dc.relation.referencesRojas-Cortés, R. (2020). Substandard, falsified and unregistered medicines in Latin America, 2017-2018. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 44, e125. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.125
dc.relation.referencesRomero Chaves, C. (2005). La categorización: un aspecto crucial en la investigación cualitativa. Revista de investigaciones, 11, 31–64.
dc.relation.referencesRubira-García, R., & Puebla-Martínez, B. (2018). Representaciones sociales y comunicación: apuntes teóricos para un diálogo interdisciplinar inconcluso. Convergencia. Revista de ciencias sociales, 25(76), 147–167. https://doi.org/10.29101/crcs.v25i76.4590
dc.relation.referencesSalm, M., Ali, M., Minihane, M., & Conrad, P. (2021). Defining global health: Findings from a systematic review and thematic analysis of the literature. BMJ Global Health, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005292
dc.relation.referencesSamal, K., Mahapatra, S., & Hibzur Ali, M. (2022). Pharmaceutical wastewater as Emerging Contaminants (EC): Treatment technologies, impact on environment and human health. Energy Nexus, 6, 100076. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEXUS.2022.100076
dc.relation.referencesSánchez, C. (2000). Normas APA – 7ma (séptima) edición. https://normas-apa.org/
dc.relation.referencesSanusi, I. O., Olutona, G. O., Wawata, I. G., & Onohuean, H. (2023). Occurrence, environmental impact and fate of pharmaceuticals in groundwater and surface water: a critical review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 30(39), 90595–90614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28802-4
dc.relation.referencesSaunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B., Burroughs, H., & Jinks, C. (2018). Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality and Quantity, 52(4), 1893–1907. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11135-017-0574-8/TABLES/1
dc.relation.referencesSengar, A., & Vijayanandan, A. (2022). Human health and ecological risk assessment of 98 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) detected in Indian surface and wastewaters. Science of the Total Environment, 807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150677
dc.relation.referencesSerna-Galvis, E. A., Botero-Coy, A. M., Rosero-Moreano, M., Lee, J., Hernández, F., & Torres-Palma, R. A. (2022). An Initial Approach to the Presence of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater from Hospitals in Colombia and Their Environmental Risk. Water 2022, Vol. 14, Page 950, 14(6), 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/W14060950
dc.relation.referencesSilva, V. W. P. da, Figueira, K. L., Silva, F. G. da, Zagui, G. S., & Meschede, M. S. C. (2023). Descarte de medicamentos e os impactos ambientais: uma revisão integrativa da literatura TT - Disposal of drugs and the ensuing environmental impacts: an integrative review of the literature. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 28(4), 1113–1123. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023284.05752022
dc.relation.referencesSilva Numa, S. (2019, septiembre 29). Cuando los medicamentos contaminan el medio ambiente. El Espectador.
dc.relation.referencesSmith, N., & Joffe, H. (2013). How the public engages with global warming: A social representations approach. Public Understanding of Science, 22(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662512440913
dc.relation.referencesSousa, J. C. G., Ribeiro, A. R., Barbosa, M. O., Pereira, M. F. R., & Silva, A. M. T. (2018). A review on environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 344, 146–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2017.09.058
dc.relation.referencesSouza, C. C., Aquino, S. F., & Silva, S. de Q. (2020). Ensaios toxicológicos aplicados à análise de águas contaminadas por fármacos. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 25(2), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522020183632
dc.relation.referencesStyszko, K., Durak, J., Kończak, B., Głodniok, M., & Borgulat, A. (2022). The impact of sewage sludge processing on the safety of its use. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-022-16354-5
dc.relation.referencesSu, H.-C., Ying, G.-G., He, L.-Y., Liu, Y.-S., Zhang, R.-Q., & Tao, R. (2014). Antibiotic resistance, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and ampC gene in two typical municipal wastewater treatment plants. Environmental science. Processes & impacts, 16(2), 324–332. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00555k
dc.relation.referencesSzymańska, U., Wiergowski, M., Sołtyszewski, I., Kuzemko, J., Wiergowska, G., Woźniak, M. K., Szymanska, U., Wiergowski, M., Soltyszewsk, I., Kuzemko, J., Wiergowska, G., & Wozniak, M. K. (2019). Presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment in Europe and their analytical monitoring: Recent trends and perspectives. Microchemical Journal, 147, 729–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.003
dc.relation.referencesThomas, F. (2017). Pharmaceutical waste in the environment: a cultural perspective. Public health panorama, 03(01), 127–132.
dc.relation.referencesThomas, F., & Depledge, M. (2015). Medicine “misuse”: Implications for health and environmental sustainability. Social Science and Medicine, 143, 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.028
dc.relation.referencesThomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45
dc.relation.referencesTorreele, E. (2024). Why are our medicines so expensive? Spoiler: Not for the reasons you are being told…. European Journal of General Practice, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2024.2308006
dc.relation.referencesTricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E. A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M. G., Garritty, C., … Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
dc.relation.referencesUlvi, A., Aydın, S., & Aydın, M. E. (2022). Fate of selected pharmaceuticals in hospital and municipal wastewater effluent: occurrence, removal, and environmental risk assessment. Environmental science and pollution research international, 29(50), 75609–75625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21131-y
dc.relation.referencesUrbina, A., Morales-Cortés, M., Romero, D. M., & Pérez-Acosta, A. M. (2023). The epidemiology of self-medication in Colombia: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Quimico-Farmaceuticas(Colombia), 52(3), 1183–1207. https://doi.org/10.15446/RCCIQUIFA.V52N3.110393
dc.relation.referencesValdez-Carrillo, M., Abrell, L., Ramírez-Hernández, J., Reyes-López, J. A., & Carreón-Diazconti, C. (2020). Pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment of Latin America: a review. Environmental science and pollution research international, 27(36), 44863–44891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10842-9
dc.relation.referencesVan Boeckel, T. P., Brower, C., Gilbert, M., Grenfell, B. T., Levin, S. A., Robinson, T. P., Teillant, A., & Laxminarayan, R. (2015). Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(18), 5649–5654. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503141112
dc.relation.referencesvan Druten, V. P., Bartels, E. A., van de Mheen, D., de Vries, E., Kerckhoffs, A. P. M., & Nahar-van Venrooij, L. M. W. (2022). Concepts of health in different contexts: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12913-022-07702-2/TABLES/11
dc.relation.referencesvan Vliet, E. D., Kannegieter, N. M., Moermond, C. T. A., & Alves, T. L. (2025). Keystones in the implementation of greener pharmaceuticals: A scoping review. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 44, 101938. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCP.2025.101938
dc.relation.referencesVaudin, P., Augé, C., Just, N., Mhaouty-Kodja, S., Mortaud, S., & Pillon, D. (2022). When pharmaceutical drugs become environmental pollutants: Potential neural effects and underlying mechanisms. Environmental Research, 205(June 2021), 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112495
dc.relation.referencesVera, H. (2002). Representaciones y clasificaciones colectivas . La teoría sociológica del conocimiento de Durkheim. Sociológica, 103–121.
dc.relation.referencesVergara, M. (2008). La naturaleza de las representaciones sociales. Rev.latinoam.cienc.soc.niñez juv, 6(1), 55–80.
dc.relation.referencesVillarroel, G. E. (2007). Las representaciones sociales: una nueva relación entre el individuo y la sociedad. Fermentum. Revista Venezolana de Sociología y Antropología, 17(49), 434–454.
dc.relation.referencesVölker, C., Kramm, J., Kerber, H., Schramm, E., Winker, M., & Zimmermann, M. (2017). More than a potential hazard-approaching risks from a social-ecological perspective. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071039
dc.relation.referencesWagner, W., Duveen, G., Verma, J., & Themel, M. (2000). “I have some faith and at the same time I don’t believe” - Cognitive polyphasia and cultural change in India. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 10(4), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1298(200007/08)10:4<301::AID-CASP585>3.0.CO;2-V
dc.relation.referencesWagner, W., Farr, R., Jovchelovitch, S., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Duveen, G., & Rose, D. (1999). Theory and method of social representations. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 95–125.
dc.relation.referencesWang, H., Xi, H., Xu, L., Jin, M., Zhao, W., & Liu, H. (2021). Ecotoxicological effects, environmental fate and risks of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the water environment: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147819
dc.relation.referencesWarren-Vega, W. M., Campos-Rodríguez, A., Zárate-Guzmán, A. I., & Romero-Cano, L. A. (2023). A Current Review of Water Pollutants in American Continent: Trends and Perspectives in Detection, Health Risks, and Treatment Technologies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH20054499/S1
dc.relation.referencesWHO. (2021). World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines – 22nd List. En Technical document.
dc.relation.referencesWilkinson, J. L., Boxall, A. B. A. A., Kolpin, D. W., Leung, K. M. Y. Y., Lai, R. W. S. S., Wong, D., Ntchantcho, R., Pizarro, J., Mart, J., Echeverr, S., Garric, J., Chaumot, A., Gibba, P., Kunchulia, I., Seidensticker, S., Lyberatos, G., Morales-salda, J. M., Kang, H., Galban-Malag, C., … Kang, H. (2022). Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 119(8), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.2113947119
dc.relation.referencesWilkinson, J. L., Boxall, A. B. A., Kolpin, D. W., Leung, K. M. Y., Lai, R. W. S., Wong, D., Ntchantcho, R., Pizarro, J., Mart, J., Echeverr, S., Garric, J., Chaumot, A., Gibba, P., Kunchulia, I., Seidensticker, S., Lyberatos, G., Morales-salda, J. M., & Kang, H. (2022). Pharmaceutical pollution of the world ’ s rivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 119(8), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119/-/DCSupplemental.Published
dc.relation.referencesWilliams, S. J., Martin, P., & Gabe, J. (2011). The pharmaceuticalisation of society? A framework for analysis. Sociology of Health and Illness, 33(5), 710–725. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01320.x
dc.relation.referencesWöhler, L., Niebaum, G., Krol, M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2020). The grey water footprint of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. Water Research X, 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100044
dc.relation.referencesXiang, Y., Wu, H., Li, L., Ren, M., Qie, H., & Lin, A. (2021). A review of distribution and risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the aquatic environment in China. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 213, 112044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112044
dc.relation.referencesYadav, A., Rene, E. R., Mandal, M. K., & Dubey, K. K. (2021). Threat and sustainable technological solution for antineoplastic drugs pollution: Review on a persisting global issue. Chemosphere, 263, 128285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128285
dc.relation.referencesZakari-Jiya, A., Frazzoli, C., Obasi, C. N., Babatunde, B. B., Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, K. C., & Orisakwe, O. E. (2022). Pharmaceutical and personal care products as emerging environmental contaminants in Nigeria: A systematic review. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 94, 103914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2022.103914
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéuticaspa
dc.subject.ddc360 - Problemas y servicios sociales; asociaciones::361 - Problemas sociales y serviciosspa
dc.subject.proposalRepresentación socialspa
dc.subject.proposalAmbientespa
dc.subject.proposalPreparaciones farmacéuticasspa
dc.subject.proposalContaminación ambientalspa
dc.subject.proposalSalud públicaspa
dc.subject.proposalMedio ambiente y salud públicaspa
dc.subject.proposalAmbiente y salud públicaspa
dc.subject.proposalSalud ambientalspa
dc.subject.proposalSocial representationeng
dc.subject.proposalEnvironmenteng
dc.subject.proposalPharmaceutical preparationseng
dc.subject.proposalEnvironmental pollutioneng
dc.subject.proposalPublic healtheng
dc.subject.proposalEnvironment and public healtheng
dc.subject.proposalEnvironmental healtheng
dc.subject.unescoMedicamentospa
dc.subject.unescoDrugseng
dc.subject.unescoContaminaciónspa
dc.subject.unescoPollutioneng
dc.subject.unescoPolítica de la saludspa
dc.subject.unescoHealth policyeng
dc.subject.unescoEliminación de desechosspa
dc.subject.unescoWaste disposaleng
dc.titleRepresentaciones sociales de pacientes y expertos en medicamentos en Bogotá D.C. sobre la contaminación ambiental por medicamentosspa
dc.title.translatedSocial representations of environmental contamination by medications among patients and drug experts in Bogotá D.C.eng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentGrupos comunitariosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMedios de comunicaciónspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentResponsables políticosspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.fundernamePrograma de Apoyo a la Formación Doctoral (PAFD)spa

Archivos

Bloque original

Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Miniatura
Nombre:
2025_10_23_Tesis_Diego_Quijano.pdf
Tamaño:
2.21 MB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Descripción:
Tesis de Doctorado en Salud Pública
Descargar

Bloque de licencias

Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Miniatura
Nombre:
license.txt
Tamaño:
5.74 KB
Formato:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Descripción:
Descargar

Colecciones

Doctorado Interfacultades en Salud Pública