Análisis de eficiencia y benchmarking en sistemas de producción de carne bovina del trópico de altura
| dc.contributor.advisor | Afanador Téllez, Germán | spa |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Martínez Niño, Carlos Alberto | spa |
| dc.contributor.author | González Mariño, Diana Michelle | spa |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup | Gestion Tecnologica e Innovación en Sistemas Pecuarios-SIGETEC | spa |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-03-05T17:03:22Z | spa |
| dc.date.available | 2020-03-05T17:03:22Z | spa |
| dc.date.issued | 2019-10-20 | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar el análisis de la eficiencia técnica de 53 sistemas de producción de carne bovina del trópico de altura colombiano mediante la aplicación del método de análisis envolvente de datos (DEA), considerando un modelo de retornos variables a escala (BCC) y un enfoque hacia el output. Se utilizaron los métodos stepwise, forward y backward para elegir las variables del modelo. De esta forma, se utilizó como output los kilogramos de peso en pie producidos al año y como inputs la superficie agraria útil (ha), el uso de mano de obra (UTAS), el consumo de suplementos y forraje expresado en nutrientes digestibles totales (TDN) y materia seca (MS), respectivamente. Se consideraron las emisiones de metano (CH4) como input con el fin de reducir los impactos ambientales de la producción de carne. Se aplicó el método de identificación de outliers para modelos basados en programación lineal con el fin de eliminar datos atípicos. Un análisis de segunda etapa fue desarrollado para identificar las variables relevantes que afectan la eficiencia y la salida del sistema. Se obtuvo un puntaje de eficiencia técnica bajo rendimientos constantes a escala (ETCRS) de 77.9%, y con el modelo de rendimientos variables a escala (ETVRS) la eficiencia fue de 82.5%, lo cual indicó que las fincas podían aumentar la producción anual de carne en un 17,5%, dado los niveles actuales de entradas, la implementación de tecnologías y un esquema operacional eficiente. Los valores de eficiencia mínima para cada uno de estos modelos fueron: 33,4% y 35.5%, respectivamente. El número de fincas eficientes en el modelo de ETCRS (32%) aumentó cuando se consideró el modelo ETVRS (47%), siendo estas últimas las que definieron la frontera eficiente y representaron las mejores prácticas para la producción de carne. El 53% de las fincas que obtuvieron bajos niveles de ETVRS presentaron un alto potencial para adoptar las mejores prácticas y alcanzar el máximo nivel de eficiencia. Un 15% de las fincas presentaron ineficiencias asociadas con la escala de producción, con 26 fincas (49%) operando en la zona de rendimientos crecientes a escala (irs) en contraste con 10 fincas (18.9%) produciendo bajo un sistema de rendimientos decrecientes (drs). En promedio, el tamaño óptimo se estimó en 11.1 hectáreas de pastos con una carga ganadera media de 1.75 UA/ha. Lo anterior permitió inferir que el número de fincas con irs se encontraban por debajo de la escala óptima en un promedio de 2.42 hectáreas y 0.47 UA/ha. En contraste, el número de fincas con drs presentaron un exceso promedio en la superficie agraria útil de 20.4 ha, con una capacidad de carga inferior al referencial de operación a una escala óptima (1.05 vs 1.75), mostrando la necesidad de identificar y adoptar las mejores prácticas de los sistemas de producción eficientes, con el fin de mejorar el nivel de intensificación de la producción por unidad de área. Las fincas ineficientes utilizaron en promedio 1.9 UTAS, 12.9 hectáreas, 49 kg de TDN de suplementos y 32,120 kg de MS de forraje para producir 1,327 kg de peso en pie cebado al año, con una producción de 546 kg de metano, mientras que el nivel objetivo se proyectó en 1.7 UTAS, 8.1 hectáreas, 33 kg de TDN de suplementos y 31,853 kg de MS de forraje para obtener una cantidad de 2,071 kg de peso corporal cebado al año, con una producción de 481 kg de metano. En el análisis de segunda etapa, la aplicación del modelo de regresión Tobit para la eficiencia ETVRS mostró los mejores resultados a través de las variables ganancia diaria de peso corporal y un menor uso de la mano de obra (R2 ajustado = 0.322). La presente investigación configura una línea base de una herramienta que tiene un potencial para desarrollar procesos de benchmarking, transferencia de tecnología y para la educación formal e informal en sistemas de producción de carne bovina en el Trópico de Altura (Texto tomado de la fuente). | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | The objective of this study was to analyze the technical efficiency of 53 beef cattle production systems from the Colombian’s highlands region by applying the data envelopment analysis method (DEA), using a variable returns to scale model (BCC) and an output orientation. Stepwise, forward and backward methods were used to perform variable selection. Kilograms of live weight produced per year were used as output, while land (ha), labor (UTAS), the amount of supplements and forage expressed in total digestible nutrients (TDN) and dry matter (DM), respectively, were considered as inputs. Methane (CH4) emission was also considered as input in order to reduce the environmental impacts of meat production. A method developed for outlier identification in models based on linear programming was used to detect and remove these data. A second stage analysis was developed to identify the relevant variables that affect the efficiency and output of the system. The estimated mean level of technical efficiency under constant returns to scale (ETCRS) was 77.9%, and under the model of variable returns to scale (ETVRS) the efficiency was 82.5%, which indicated that farms could increase the annual production of meat by 17.5%, given the current input levels, the existing production technology and an efficient operational scheme. The minimum efficiency values for each of these models were: 33.4% and 35.5%, respectively. The number of efficient farms in the ETCRS model (32%) increased when the ETVRS model was considered (47%), these farms defined the efficient frontier and represented the best practices for meat production. The farms with low levels of ETVRS (53%) presented a high potential to adopt the best practices and reach the maximum level of efficiency. The inefficiency exhibited associated with the scale of production were 15%, 26 farms (49%) operating in the area of increasing returns to scale (irs) in contrast to 10 farms (18.9%) producing under a system of decreasing returns (drs). On average, the optimum size was estimated at 11.1 hectares of pasture and an average stocking rate of 1.75 AU/ha. This allowed inferring that farms with irs were below the optimum scale at an average of 2.42 hectares and 0.47 AU/ha. Conversely, the number of farms with drs presented an average surplus in the useful agricultural area of 20.4 ha, with a stocking rate lower than the reference of optimum scale (1.05 vs 1.75), showing the need for identification and adoption of best practices of efficient production systems, in order to improve the level of intensification of production per unit area. Inefficient farms used on average 1.9 UTAS, 12.9 hectares, 49 kg of TDN from supplements and 32,120 kg of DM from forage to produce 1,327 kg of live weight per year, with a production of 546 kg of methane. The objective was projected at 1.7 UTAS, 8.1 hectares, 33 kg of TDN from supplements and 31,853 kg of DM from forage to obtain an amount of 2,071 kg of live weight per year in fattening fase, with a production of 481 kg of methane. In the second stage analysis, the variables included in the Tobit regression model for ETVRS efficiency were body weight daily gain and use of labor (adjusted R2 = 0.322). The present investigation establishes the baseline of a tool that has potential for perform benchmarking process, technology transfer and for formal and informal education in beef cattle production systems in the Colombian’s highlands region. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
| dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Salud y Reproducción Animal | spa |
| dc.description.project | Tipificación de carne bovina en sistemas de producción de trópico alto con enfoque de calidad total | spa |
| dc.description.researcharea | Gestión Empresarial | spa |
| dc.format.extent | 131 | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/75881 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | spa |
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Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 195, 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.002Yusuf, S. A., & Malomo, O. (2007). Technical Efficiency of poultry egg production in Ogun state: A data envelopment analysis (DEA) Aprroach. International Journal Of Poulty Science, 6(9), 622–629. Zhu, J. (2003). Quantitative models for performance evaluation and benchmarking. Data envelopment analysis with spreadsheets and DEA excel solver. (F. S. Hillier, Ed.). New York: Springer Sciense+Business Media, Inc. | spa |
| dc.rights | Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | spa |
| dc.rights.spa | Acceso abierto | spa |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | spa |
| dc.subject.ddc | Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::Producción animal | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Data envelopment analysis (DEA) | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Análisis envolvente de datos (DEA) | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Technical efficiency | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Eficiencia técnica | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Carne bovina | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Beef meat | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Trópico alto colombiano | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Colombian’s highlands | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Benchmarking | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Benchmarking | spa |
| dc.title | Análisis de eficiencia y benchmarking en sistemas de producción de carne bovina del trópico de altura | spa |
| dc.title.alternative | Analysis of technical efficiency and benchmarking in beef cattle production systems from Colombian high-altitude | spa |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | spa |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
| dc.type.content | Text | spa |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | spa |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | spa |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | spa |
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