Desarrollo de aditivos alimenticios con base en las propiedades biofuncionales del Agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)

dc.contributor.advisorOsorio Roa, Coralia
dc.contributor.advisorOtalora, María Carolina
dc.contributor.authorAmaya Gómez, Andrés Mauricio
dc.contributor.orcidAmaya, Andres Mauricio [0009-0009-4689-4859]spa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo Aditivos Naturales de Aroma y Colorganacspa
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-22T16:49:59Z
dc.date.available2023-08-22T16:49:59Z
dc.date.issued2023-04-03
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías a colorspa
dc.description.abstractLos frutos de agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) se caracterizaron fisicoquímicamente y se obtuvo un extracto polar con acetona-agua, el cual se fraccionó por partición con solventes de polaridad creciente. El contenido de fenoles totales, la inhibición de las enzimas α-glucosidasa y α-amilasa para determinar la actividad antihiperglicémica in vitro, y la inhibición de la enzima angiotensina-1 (ACE-1) para determinar actividad antihipertensiva in vitro, se midieron en la fruta liofilizada, así como en las fracciones más polares de agraz. Con estos resultados se evidenció que el agraz tiene potencial como inhibidor de la ACE-1 y que algunos de los compuestos responsables de dicha actividad son las antocianinas, específicamente derivados de delfinidina, que fueron identificados por análisis por HPLC-MS. Posteriormente se desarrollaron cuatro microencapsulados de la fruta por spray-drying, usando maltodextrina (MD) como agente encapsulante. Se evaluaron las características fisicoquímicas, morfológicas, térmicas y biofuncionales de los microencapsulados obtenidos a dos temperaturas de entrada (120 °C y 150 °C) y dos mezclas de alimentación (fruta: MD, 1:1 y 2:3, p/p), encontrando que la mayor actividad antihipertensiva la tenía la muestra M3 (150 °C, 1:1). El microencapsulado M3 se incorporó en harina de trigo en diferentes proporciones (5, 10 y 15%) y la reología de las harinas compuestas se evaluó mediante el uso del equipo Mixolab®. El análisis de las propiedades reológicas mostró que la adición del microencapsulado de agraz que contenía MD afectaba las propiedades reológicas de la harina, específicamente dureza, cohesividad y resiliencia a medida que aumentaba la proporción de M3 en la harina compuesta, también el color y oscurecimiento por degradación termica de las antocianinas. Finalmente, se usó la harina con 5% de M3 (MCA 5%) para la fabricación del pan, el cual se caracterizó fisicoquímica, reológica y sensorialmente en comparación con un pan obtenido con la harina de trigo control (CTRL). En el pan obtenido con la harina de trigo compuesta, se determinó el contenido de antocianinas, el índice glicémico, la actividad antioxidante celular y la actividad antiinflamatoria in vitro evaluando la producción de óxido nítrico, después de simular la digestión en el tracto gastrointestinal. Se comprobó que las antocianinas derivadas de delfinidina y cianidina se preservaban en el pan y que la biofuncionalidad era mayor en el pan fortificado con el microencapsulado de agraz que con la harina de trigo control. Con estos resultados se comprueba la viabilidad del uso del agraz para el desarrollo de microencapsulados con propiedades biofuncionales que pueden ser usados como aditivos en diferentes matrices alimenticias. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractAgraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) fruits were physicochemically characterized, and a polar extract was obtained by extraction with an acetone-water mixture for further partition with solvents of increasing polarity. The total phenolic content, the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition to measure in vitro antihyperglycemic activity, and the inhibition of the angiotensin-1 enzyme (ACE-1) to determine in vitro antihypertensive activity, were measured in the freeze-dried fruit and more polar fractions. These results showed that the V. meridionale fruit has potential as an ACE-1 inhibitor and the anthocyanins are one of the compounds responsible for this activity, specifically the delphinidin derivatives identified by HPLC-MS analyses. Later, four microencapsulates were obtained by spray-drying using maltodextrin (MD) as the encapsulating agent. The physicochemical, morphological, thermal and biofunctional properties of microencapsulates obtained at two inlet temperatures (120 °C and 150 °C) and two feed mixtures (fruit: MD, 1:1 and 2:3, w/w) were evaluated, finding that the sample M3 (150 °C, 1:1) showed the highest antihypertensive activity value. The microencapsulate M3 was added to wheat flour at different proportions (5, 10 and 15%) to evaluate their rheological behavior by using Mixolab equipment and selecting an adequate concentration of agraz microencapsulate. These results showed that the addition of agraz microencapsulate (containing MD) influenced the rheological properties of the flour, specifically hardness, cohesiveness, and resilience proportional to a higher M3 content. Also, the color and darkness were affected due to the thermal degradation of anthocyanins. Finally, the fortified flour with 5% of M3 (MCA 5%) were used for fortified bread preparation, and its physicochemical, rheological and sensory properties were characterized in comparison to a bread prepared with wheat flour control (CTRL). The anthocyanin content, glycemic index, cellular antioxidant activity, and nitric oxide production were evaluated in the fortified bread, after simulation of digestion through gastrointestinal tract. The presence of anthocyanins (mainly delphinidin and cyanidin derivatives) in the fortified bread was detected. Also, a higher biofunctionality was found in the bread fortified with the agraz microencapsulate than in the bread with control flour. These results suggest that the agraz could be used for the development of microencapsulates exhibiting biofunctional properties which can be used as additives for different food matrices.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentosspa
dc.description.researchareaQuímica de Alimentosspa
dc.format.extentxviii, 82 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84585
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentosspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas)spa
dc.subject.lembIndustrias alimenticiasspa
dc.subject.lembFood industry and tradeeng
dc.subject.lembProcesos agrícolasspa
dc.subject.lembAgricultural processingeng
dc.subject.proposalMicroencapsulaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalAntocianinasspa
dc.subject.proposalEricaceaespa
dc.subject.proposalActividad antihipertensivaspa
dc.subject.proposalPanes fortificadosspa
dc.subject.proposalMicroencapsulationeng
dc.subject.proposalAnthocyaninseng
dc.subject.proposalEricaceaeeng
dc.subject.proposalAntihypertensive activityeng
dc.subject.proposalFortified breadseng
dc.titleDesarrollo de aditivos alimenticios con base en las propiedades biofuncionales del Agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)spa
dc.title.translatedFood additives development based on biofunctional properties of agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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