Gestión de un proceso de biorremediación bacteriana de suelo contaminado con crudo en condiciones anaeróbica
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Delgado Vallejo, Alejandra Daniela
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En Colombia los atentados contra la infraestructura petrolera empezaron en los años 80 y continúan en la actualidad, lo que ha generado daños en el medio ambiente y en la salud humana. En la presente investigación se evalúo la biodegradación de los Hidrocarburos Totales del Petróleo (HTP) en condiciones anaerobias de un suelo de la vereda Silvania, Putumayo. En la investigación se evaluaron dos tecnologías, bioestimulación y biorremediación, además se contó con un tratamiento de control y un tratamiento de atenuación natural. El tratamiento de bioaumentación se dividió en: Bioaumentación (B) y Bioaumentación con surfactante (BS) ambos tratamientos poseen un 10% (p/p) de compost para aumentar la densidad bacteriana y al último se le agregó el surfactante Tween 80 cuya concentración fue de una vez la concentración micelar crítica (CMC). Por otra parte se cuenta con tres tratamientos de bioestimulación, Bioestimulación (BE), Bioestimulación con surfactante (BES) y Bioestimulación con surfactante y D-Limoneno (BESL), estos tratamientos cuentan con la adición de nutrientes como Nitrógeno y Fósforo que fue determinada mediante el método de McCarthy y enmiendas como melaza y leonardita. Después de 90 días la degradación de HTP fueron de 53,8% 57,7% 65,4% 69,2% 75,9% 76,9% y 76,9% para los tratamientos Control, Bioaumentación, Bioaumentación con surfactante, Bioestimulación, Bioestimulación con surfactante y Bioestimulación con surfactante y D-Limoneno respectivamente.
Abstract: In Colombia, the attacks against the oil infrastructure began in 1980 and continue today, these attacks cause damage to the environment and human health. In the present investigation, the biodegradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) was assessed in anaerobic conditions of a soil come from Silvania, Putumayo. In the research, two technologies, biostimulation and bioremediation were assessed, as well as a control treatment and a natural attenuation treatment. The bioaugmentation treatment was divided into: Bioaugmentation (B) and surfactant bioaugmentation (BS) both treatments have a 10% (w/w) of composting to increase the bacterial density and the last was added the surfactant Tween 80 whose concentration was at once the critical micelle concentration (CMC). On the other hand there are three biostimulation treatments, Biostimulation (BE), Biostimulation with surfactant (BES) and Biostimulation with surfactant and D-Limonene (BESL), these treatments have the addition of nutrients such as Nitrogen and Phosphorus that were determined by McCarty's method and amendments such as molasses and leonardite. After 90 days the degradation of TPH were of 53.8% 57.7% 65.4% 69.2% 75.9% 76.9% and 76.9% for the treatments Control, Bioaugmentation, Bioaugmentation with surfactant, Biostimulation, Biostimulation with surfactant and Biostimulation with surfactant and D-Limonene respectively.
Abstract: In Colombia, the attacks against the oil infrastructure began in 1980 and continue today, these attacks cause damage to the environment and human health. In the present investigation, the biodegradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) was assessed in anaerobic conditions of a soil come from Silvania, Putumayo. In the research, two technologies, biostimulation and bioremediation were assessed, as well as a control treatment and a natural attenuation treatment. The bioaugmentation treatment was divided into: Bioaugmentation (B) and surfactant bioaugmentation (BS) both treatments have a 10% (w/w) of composting to increase the bacterial density and the last was added the surfactant Tween 80 whose concentration was at once the critical micelle concentration (CMC). On the other hand there are three biostimulation treatments, Biostimulation (BE), Biostimulation with surfactant (BES) and Biostimulation with surfactant and D-Limonene (BESL), these treatments have the addition of nutrients such as Nitrogen and Phosphorus that were determined by McCarty's method and amendments such as molasses and leonardite. After 90 days the degradation of TPH were of 53.8% 57.7% 65.4% 69.2% 75.9% 76.9% and 76.9% for the treatments Control, Bioaugmentation, Bioaugmentation with surfactant, Biostimulation, Biostimulation with surfactant and Biostimulation with surfactant and D-Limonene respectively.