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Aplicaciones de biocarbonizados en la agricultura : evaluación de la capacidad de retención y liberación de nutrientes y herbicidas

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dc.contributor.advisorMartínez Cordón, María José
dc.contributor.authorBautista Manrique, Wendy Natalia
dc.contributor.researchgroupResidualidad y Destino Ambiental de Plaguicidas en Sistemas Agricolasspa
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-08T13:48:15Z
dc.date.available2025-04-08T13:48:15Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, gráficas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractLa alta dependencia por los insumos agroquímicos para la producción agrícola y la baja eficiencia cuando son aplicados al suelo han llevado al deterioro de la calidad de aguas superficiales y subterráneas. Frente a los retos por aumentar la fertilidad de los cultivos, garantizar la protección de los cultivos y minimizar los impactos ambientales, en esta investigación se evaluaron biocarbonizados con propiedades potenciales como medio de soporte para la retención y liberación de fertilizantes y herbicidas. Se caracterizaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas de tres biocarbonizados producidos de plantas invasoras de retamo espinoso (ReB), carbonero (CaB) y acacia negra (AcB), se evaluó la capacidad de adsorción-desorción de los nutrientes N, P, K, Ca y Mg y de los herbicidas ametrina y atrazina a partir del método de “batch equilibrium”. Por último, se prepararon formulaciones con los biocarbonizados y se probaron en ensayos de liberación y lixiviación en columnas de suelo (en condiciones de laboratorio). Los resultados muestran mayor capacidad de adsorción de compuestos orgánicos como los herbicidas (ametrina y atrazina) que de compuestos inorgánicos como los nutrientes (N, P, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+). Lo que demuestra la ventaja de este material como alternativa para la remoción de herbicidas y material de filtración para tratamiento de aguas. Por otro lado, no se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas (p>0,05) entre las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los tres biocarbonizados y la capacidad de adsorción, dadas las ligeras diferencias en las propiedades y las mismas condiciones de pirólisis. Los ensayos de lixiviación de los nutrientes N, P, K y Mg mostraron bajas tasas de lixiviación en los tratamientos con fertilización convencional y con ReB, CaB y AcB. La aplicación de los biocarbonizados no tuvo un efecto significativo en el movimiento de los dos herbicidas en comparación con el tratamiento control, indicando la importancia de la dosis y la forma de aplicación de biocarbonizados, que pueden ser más efectivos para la disminución del riesgo de lixiviación de ametrina y atrazina en el suelo. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThe high dependence on agrochemical for agricultural production and the low efficiency when applied to the soil have led to the deterioration of surface and groundwater quality. Faced with the challenges of increasing crop fertility, ensuring crop protection, and minimizing environmental impacts, this research evaluated biochars with characteristics as carrier media for the sorption and release of fertilizers and herbicides. The physicochemical properties of three biochars produced from invasive plants as thorny broom (ReB), calliandra (CaB) and black acacia (AcB) were characterized, and the adsorption-desorption capacity of the nutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg and the herbicides ametryn and atrazine was evaluated using the batch equilibrium method. Finally, formulations with the biochars were prepared and tested in release and leaching experiments in soil columns (under laboratory conditions). The results showed higher adsorption capacity for organic compounds such as herbicides (ametryn and atrazine) than for inorganic compounds such as nutrients (N, P, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+). This shows the advantage of this material as an alternative for the removal of herbicides and filtration material for water treatment. On the other hand, no statistically significant relationships (p>0,05) were found among the physicochemical properties of the three biochars and the adsorption capacity, given the slight differences in properties and the same pyrolysis conditions. Leaching test for the nutrients N, P, K, and Mg showed low leaching rates in the treatments with conventional fertilization and with ReB, CaB and AcB. The application of biochars had no significant effect on the movement of the two herbicides compared to the control treatment, indicating the importance of the dose and application way of the biochar, which may be more effective in decreasing the risk of leaching of ametryn and atrazine in the soil.eng
dc.description.curricularareaQuímica.Sede Bogotáspa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Ciencias Químicaspa
dc.description.methodsEl proyecto de investigación se desarrolló en el Laboratorio de Química Agrícola, en el Laboratorio de análisis de residuos de plaguicidas-LARP y el en Laboratorio de Investigación en Combustibles y Energía – LICE del Departamento de Química de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. De acuerdo con los objetivos formulados la metodología desarrollada fue: 1) Biocarbonizados y caracterización 2) Estudio de la capacidad de retención de nutrientes y herbicidas 3) Ensayos de lixiviación de nutrientes y herbicidas en columnas de suelospa
dc.description.researchareaQuímica agrícolaspa
dc.format.extentxx, 210 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/87883
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Químicaspa
dc.relation.indexedN/Aspa
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dc.relation.referencesWidowati, W., Asnah, A., & Utomo, W. H. (2014). The use of biochar to reduce nitrogen and potassium leaching from soil cultivated with maize. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 2(1), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2014.021.211spa
dc.relation.referencesWu, L., & Liu, M. (2008). Preparation and properties of chitosan-coated NPK compound fertilizer with controlled-release and water-retention. Carbohydrate Polymers, 72, 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.08.020spa
dc.relation.referencesXu, M., Sun, Q., Liu, Q., He, G., Wang, C., & He, K. (2023). Biochar decreases fertilizer leaching and promotes Miscanthus growth in saline-alkaline soil. Plants (Basel), 12(20), 3649. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203649spa
dc.relation.referencesYang, L., Wu, Y., Wang, Y., An, W., Jin, J., Sun, K., & Wang, X. (2021). Effects of biochar addition on the abundance, speciation, availability, and leaching loss of soil phosphorus. Science of the Total Environment, 758, 143657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143657spa
dc.relation.referencesYao, Y., Gao, B., Zhang, M., Inyang, M., & Zimmerman, A. R. (2012). Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate , ammonium , and phosphate in a sandy soil. Chemosphere, 89(11), 1467–1471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.002spa
dc.relation.referencesYavari, S., Malakahmad, A., & Sapari, N. B. (2015). Biochar efficiency in pesticides sorption as a function of production variables- a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 22(18), 13824–13841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5114-2spa
dc.relation.referencesZonatto, F., Muniz, E. C., Tambourgi, E. B., & Paulino, A. T. (2017). Adsorption and controlled release of potassium, phosphate and ammonia from modified Arabic gum-based hydrogel. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 105, 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.051spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::542 - Técnicas, procedimientos, aparatos, equipos, materialesspa
dc.subject.lembNutrientes vegetalesspa
dc.subject.lembPlant nutrientseng
dc.subject.lembHerbicidas-Evaluaciónspa
dc.subject.lembHerbicides - Evaluationeng
dc.subject.lembProductividad del suelospa
dc.subject.lembSoil productivityeng
dc.subject.proposalPlantas invasorasspa
dc.subject.proposalBiocarbonizadospa
dc.subject.proposalNutrientesspa
dc.subject.proposalHerbicidasspa
dc.subject.proposalRetenciónspa
dc.subject.proposalLixiviaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalInvasive plantseng
dc.subject.proposalBiochareng
dc.subject.proposalNutrientseng
dc.subject.proposalHerbicideseng
dc.subject.proposalSorptioneng
dc.subject.proposalLeachingeng
dc.titleAplicaciones de biocarbonizados en la agricultura : evaluación de la capacidad de retención y liberación de nutrientes y herbicidasspa
dc.title.translatedApplications of biochar in agriculture : evaluation of nutrients and herbicides retention and release capacitieseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentBibliotecariosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPersonal de apoyo escolarspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentProveedores de ayuda financiera para estudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentResponsables políticosspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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