Efecto de los sesgos geográficos y taxonómicos sobre la evaluación del riesgo de extinción de especies del género Grallaria (Aves: Grallaridae) de los Andes colombianos

dc.contributor.advisorCuervo Maya, Andrés Mauriciospa
dc.contributor.advisorBotero Delagadillo, Estebanspa
dc.contributor.authorPlazas Cardona, Dennys Johanaspa
dc.contributor.orcidPlazas Cardona, Dennys Johana [0009000338772364]spa
dc.coverage.countryColombiaspa
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-22T20:18:12Z
dc.date.available2025-04-22T20:18:12Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, mapas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractEvaluar el riesgo de extinción es crucial para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Este estudio aplicó el Criterio B de la UICN para estimar la extensión de presencia (EOO) y el área de ocupación (AOO) en seis especies del género Grallaria. Utilizando modelos de distribución de especies (SDM) basados en registros de ocurrencia, se identificaron sesgos geográficos y ambientales que podrían afectar la precisión de las proyecciones. Para minimizar estos sesgos, los registros fueron filtrados y refinados en tres etapas, y se evaluó el impacto en la predicción del nicho climático mediante el algoritmo Maxent. Los resultados mostraron variaciones en las métricas de entropía y prevalencia entre los conjuntos de datos, sugiriendo que los sesgos geográficos y ambientales tienen un pequeño efecto en la predicción de las distribuciones. Además, se exploró el complejo taxonómico del Tororoi rufo (Grallaria rufula), recientemente desglosado en 16 nuevas especies, cinco de ellas restringidas a Colombia. La evaluación de estas cinco nuevas entidades taxonómicas reveló que tres de ellas deben clasificarse como amenazadas (VU o EN). Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de describir y reconocer nuevos taxones para mejorar la gestión de la conservación (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractAssessing extinction risk is crucial for biodiversity conservation. This study applied IUCN Criterion B to estimate the extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) for six species of the genus Grallaria. Using species distribution models (SDM) based on occurrence records, we identified geographic and environmental biases that could affect the accuracy of the models’ projections. To minimize these biases, records were filtered and refined in three stages, and the impact on the prediction of the climatic niche was evaluated using the Maxent algorithm. Results showed variations in entropy and prevalence metrics between datasets, suggesting that geographic and environmental biases have a small effect on predicting distributions. In addition, the Rufous Antpitta (Grallaria rufula) taxonomic complex was explored, in which 16 new species were described, five of them in restricted to Colombia. The evaluation of these five new taxonomic entities revealed that three of them might be threatened with extinction (VU or EN). These findings underscore the importance of describing and recognizing new taxa to improve conservation managementeng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMaestría Ciencias Biologíaspa
dc.description.methodsLas aves del género Grallaria son Passeriformes suboscinos (familia Grallariidae) que se caracterizan por habitar el suelo y el sotobosque bajo, tener una dieta de insectos y otros invertebrados del suelo, por sus comportamientos esquivos y vocalizaciones llamativas. Las especies de Grallaria están restringidas principalmente a los bosques de montaña del sur de México, Centroamérica y Suramérica, ocupando un amplio rango de elevación (Greeney, 2018b). La mayor diversidad de este género se da por encima de los 800 m en los Andes del Norte, donde muchas especies tienen distribuciones estrechas tanto en extensión geográfica como de elevación, por lo que se les considera especies con rareza geográfica (Kattan,1992) y especialistas de hábitat (Greeney, 2018). Sus rangos de distribución estrechos y su anatomía de la locomoción sugieren una limitada capacidad de dispersión. Análisis biogeográficos indican que su diversificación habría sido generada por sucesivos eventos de vicarianza, es decir por el surgimiento de distinto tipo de barreras que fragmentaron especies ancestrales resultando especies alopátricas, y no por eventos de dispersión (Greeney, 2018). Debido a esa historia y a la limitada variación de atributos de plumaje, la diversidad dentro del grupo podría haber sido subestimada y con ello sus distribuciones geográficas subrepresentadas (Kattan & Beltran, 2002; Winger et al., 2015; Aguilar Romero, 2018; Carneiro et al., 2018; Van Doren et al., 2018).spa
dc.description.researchareaBiodiversidad y Conservaciónspa
dc.format.extent108 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/88066
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biologíaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::578 - Historia natural de los organismos y temas relacionadosspa
dc.subject.ddc590 - Animales::598 - Pájarosspa
dc.subject.lembESPECIES AMENAZADASspa
dc.subject.lembEndangered specieseng
dc.subject.lembECOSISTEMAS VULNERABLESspa
dc.subject.lembVulnerable biotic communitieseng
dc.subject.lembEXTINCION (BIOLOGIA)spa
dc.subject.lembExtinction (Biology)eng
dc.subject.lembAVES PASERINASspa
dc.subject.lembPasseriformeseng
dc.subject.lembDIVERSIDAD BIOLOGICAspa
dc.subject.lembBiological diversityeng
dc.subject.proposalModelos de nichospa
dc.subject.proposalConservaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalVariables climáticasspa
dc.subject.proposalRiesgo de extinciónspa
dc.subject.proposalNiche modelseng
dc.subject.proposalConservationeng
dc.subject.proposalClimate variableseng
dc.subject.proposalExtinction riskeng
dc.titleEfecto de los sesgos geográficos y taxonómicos sobre la evaluación del riesgo de extinción de especies del género Grallaria (Aves: Grallaridae) de los Andes colombianosspa
dc.title.translatedEffect of geographic and taxonomic biases on the extinction risk assessment of species of the genus Grallaria (Aves: Grallaridae) from the Colombian Andeseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
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