Evaluación de la diversidad taxonómica y funcional de la comunidad microbiana relacionada con el ciclo del nitrógeno en suelos de cultivo de arroz con diferentes manejos del tamo

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dc.contributor.advisorUribe Vélez, Danielspa
dc.contributor.authorCarreño Carreño, Jibda del Pilarspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupMicrobiologia Agricolaspa
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-10T01:07:47Zspa
dc.date.available2020-03-10T01:07:47Zspa
dc.date.issued2019-11-06spa
dc.description.abstractThe return of plant residues to the soil is one of the alternative agricultural practices for the efficient management of post-harvest waste, however, is poor known the impact it has on edaphic microorganisms, responsible for determining soil quality parameters as nutrient availability and cycling. Therefore, a field experiment was proposed to evaluate the changes generated by 4 different treatments of rice straw management on microorganisms related to the nitrogen cycle, consisting of: (Cob+mo) rice straw as a mulch inoculated with a microbial consortium, (Inc+mo) rice straw incorporated and inoculated with the microbial consortium, (Quema) open field burning (Cob) and rice straw as a mulch without inoculation. Four bulk and rhizospheric soil samplings were carried out before and during the cultivation cycle. The diversity, structure and composition of the bacterial community linked to the nitrogen cycle was evaluated through the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and the activity of nitrogenase, protease and urease enzymes linked to the entry of nitrogen into the soil system was determined. Heat maps based on the composition and abundance of species showed particular groupings of the treatments in each of the sampling stages, evidencing the effect of rice straw management on the structure and composition of the bacterial community over time. The activity of the protease and urease enzymes was affected by the application of the degradation consortium and by the way rice straw is returned to the soil respectively. Keywords: Incorporation, mulch, rice straw, enzymatic activity, 16S rRNA)spa
dc.description.abstractLa quema del tamo de arroz a campo abierto es una de las mayores fuentes de contaminación agrícola, es por esto que el retorno de los residuos vegetales al suelo ha sido propuesto como una alternativa de manejo eficiente de los residuos pos-cosecha. Sin embargo, es poco conocido el impacto que tiene sobre los microorganismos edáficos involucrados en la disponibilidad y ciclaje de nutrientes. Por lo anterior, se planteó un experimento en campo para evaluar los cambios generados sobre la comunidad microbiana vinculada al ciclo del nitrógeno por la aplicación de 4 tratamientos diferentes de manejo del tamo de arroz: (Cob+mo) cobertura del terreno con tamo de arroz inoculado con un consorcio microbiano de degradación, (Inc+mo) tamo de arroz inoculado con el consorcio microbiano e incorporado, (Quema) quema del tamo y (Cob) cobertura del terreno con tamo de arroz sin inocular. Se realizaron 4 muestreos de suelo de soporte y suelo rizosférico antes y durante el ciclo de cultivo. Se evaluó la diversidad, estructura y composición de la comunidad bacteriana a través del análisis del gen 16S rRNA y se determinó la actividad de las enzimas nitrogenasa, proteasa y ureasa vinculadas con el ingreso de nitrógeno al sistema edáfico. Al final del ciclo de cultivo, los mapas de calor basados en la composición y abundancia de especies, mostraron que las comunidades microbianas de los tratamientos alternos a la quema son más similares entre sí, indicando que la adición de materia orgánica influencia la comunidad edáfica microbiana. La actividad de las enzimas proteasa y ureasa se vio afectada por la aplicación del consorcio de degradación y la forma de retorno del tamo de arroz al suelo respectivamente. Palabras clave: (Incorporación, cobertura, tamo de arroz, actividad enzimática, 16S rRNA).spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.projectDeterminación del efecto del uso de enmiendas de fertilización sobre la estructura y función de la comunidad microbiana asociada a la rizósfera de arrozspa
dc.description.sponsorshipColcienciasspa
dc.format.extent140spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.citationCarreño Carreño, Pilarspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/76023
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Biotecnologíaspa
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dc.subject.proposalIncorporation, mulch, rice straw, enzymatic activity, 16S rRNAeng
dc.subject.proposalIncorporación, cobertura, tamo de arroz, actividad enzimática, 16S rRNAspa
dc.titleEvaluación de la diversidad taxonómica y funcional de la comunidad microbiana relacionada con el ciclo del nitrógeno en suelos de cultivo de arroz con diferentes manejos del tamospa
dc.title.alternativeEvaluation of the taxonomic and functional diversity of the microbial community related to the nitrogen cycle in rice cultivation soils with different rice straw managementsspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
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