Modelos de control del cáncer en Colombia y Perú: aproximación comparativa de un problema de salud pública
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Pedroza Penagos, Yuli Natalia
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El cáncer es un grave problema de salud pública en el mundo y en países latinoamericanos que va en asenso, debido a esto es importante que cada territorio establezca un modelo para su control y prevención. Esta es una monografía crítica que compara los modelos de control y prevención del cáncer en Colombia “Plan Decenal para el Control del Cáncer 2012 ‐ 2021” y Perú “Plan Nacional para la Atención Integral del Cáncer y Mejoramiento del Acceso a los Servicios Oncológicos en el Perú (Plan Esperanza)” desde las perspectivas de sus objetivos, lineamientos, metas y acciones, teniendo como referentes la situación del cáncer y el perfil epidemiológico de estas dos naciones. En ambos modelos del control del cáncer se evidencia un interés por la calidad de vida del paciente, sin embargo el modelo colombiano tiene un enfoque priorizado a la prevención, diagnostico y tratamiento oportuno, mientras que el modelo peruano se enfatiza en ofrecer un servicio igualitario a toda la población implementando servicios e infraestructura a nivel nacional. Finalmente podemos observar que en los dos países en estudio el principal objetivo es reducir la morbi‐mortalidad basándose en una prevención a tiempo y diagnostico acertado, junto con un tratamiento oportuno, que en conjunto no solo disminuirá la mortalidad sino que también mejorara la calidad de vida de los pacientes afectados por esta enfermedad.
Abstract. Cancer is a serious public health concern in the world, and it’s on the rise in Latin American countries. Because of this, it is important for each country to establish a model for its prevention and control. This analytical monograph compares the models of cancer prevention and control between Colombia, “Decennial Plan for Cancer Control 2012 – 2021”, and Peru, “National Plan for Comprehensive Care and Improving Access to Oncologic Services in Peru (Hope Plan)”, based on the perspective of their objectives, guidelines, goals and activities, using as landmark the epidemiological profile and cancer situation of these two nations. Both models for cancer control exhibit an interest in the quality of life of patients. However, the Colombian model has a prioritized approach on prevention, diagnosis and treatment, while the Peruvian model emphasizes on providing equal service to the entire population by implementing services and infrastructure at a nationwide level. Finally, we can see that the main goal of the two countries under study is to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates based on a well‐timed prevention and accurate diagnosis, which alongside a timely treatment, would not only decrease the mortality, but also improve the quality of life of the patients affected by this disease.
Abstract. Cancer is a serious public health concern in the world, and it’s on the rise in Latin American countries. Because of this, it is important for each country to establish a model for its prevention and control. This analytical monograph compares the models of cancer prevention and control between Colombia, “Decennial Plan for Cancer Control 2012 – 2021”, and Peru, “National Plan for Comprehensive Care and Improving Access to Oncologic Services in Peru (Hope Plan)”, based on the perspective of their objectives, guidelines, goals and activities, using as landmark the epidemiological profile and cancer situation of these two nations. Both models for cancer control exhibit an interest in the quality of life of patients. However, the Colombian model has a prioritized approach on prevention, diagnosis and treatment, while the Peruvian model emphasizes on providing equal service to the entire population by implementing services and infrastructure at a nationwide level. Finally, we can see that the main goal of the two countries under study is to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates based on a well‐timed prevention and accurate diagnosis, which alongside a timely treatment, would not only decrease the mortality, but also improve the quality of life of the patients affected by this disease.